卫生研究

目的 介绍国内外被广泛使用的四种儿童青少年营养不足评价标准，根据美国疾病预防控制中心标准、国际肥胖工作组(International Obesity Task Force, IOTF)标准和中国行业标准编制相应SPSS程序包。方法 编制儿童青少年营养不足评价标准SPSS程序包，并解释其使用步骤。利用2012年在中国七省(自治区、直辖市)93所中小学62 517名6～17岁儿童青少年的生长发育调查资料，按照四种评价标准对其营养不足状况进行判定和比较，使用卡方检验比较各组间差异，Bonferroni法进行两两比较。结果 四种评价标准在案例人群中检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),筛查生长迟缓时，美国疾病预防控制中心标准的检出率最高(3.5%),中国行业标准的检出率最低(0.4%);筛查消瘦时，国际肥胖工作组标准(11.8%)的检出率明显高于其余标准，中国行业标准和美国疾病预防控制中心标准的结果差距不大，WHO标准的检出率最低(3.0%)。结论 鉴于四种标准评价结果有所不同，编制的SPSS程序包便于儿科医生、学校卫生工作人员和研究人员选择合适的评价标准并进行应用，从而快速、准确地识别儿童青少年营养不足状况。

OBJECTIVE To introduce the four widely used methods for evaluating undernutrition in children and adolescents in China and internationally, and to compile the corresponding SPSS program package according to the American CDC standard, the IOTF standard and the Chinese industry standard.METHODS The SPSS program package for evaluating undernutrition in children and adolescents was compiled and explained. Based on the growth and development survey data of 62 517 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in 93 primary and secondary schools in 7 provinces and cities in China in 2012, the nutritional deficiency status was judged and compared according to four evaluation methods, and the chi-square test was used to compare the differences between groups, the Bonferroni method was used for pairwise comparisons.RESULTS The detection rates of the four evaluation methods were statistically different in the case population(P<0.01). When screening for stunning, the detection rate of the American CDC standard was the highest(3.5%), and the detection rate of the Chinese industry standard was the lowest(0.4%). When screening for wasting, the detection rate of the IOTF standard(11.8%) was significantly higher than those of the other standards. There was little difference between the result of the Chinese industry standard and the American CDC standard, and the detection rate of the WHO standard was the lowest(3.0%).CONCLUSION Given the differences in the result of the four method, the SPSS package developed in this study facilitates the selection and application of appropriate evaluation method for pediatricians, school health staff, and researchers to choose appropriate evaluation method, so that they could identify undernutrition in children and adolescents rapidly and accurately.