卫生研究

目的 了解2016—2017年新疆7～17岁儿童青少年肥胖及相关健康状况。方法 资料来源于2016—2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测项目。本研究纳入新疆参与本次调查的具有完整人口学特征、身高、体重、腰围、血压、空腹血糖和血脂四项数据的7～17岁儿童青少年，共计1112人。754人来自城市学校，358人来自农村学校。其中，男孩占比49.01%,女孩占比50.99%;7～11岁组学生占比49.01%,12～17岁组学生占比50.99%。分别根据《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查(WS/T 586—2018)》、《7岁～18岁儿童青少年高腰围筛查界值(WS/T 611—2018)》、《中国7岁～18岁儿童青少年血压偏高筛查界值》、《儿童2型糖尿病诊治指南(2025)》和《中国血脂管理指南(2023年)》判定全身性肥胖、中心性肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常。参考柳叶刀糖尿病与内分泌学委员会提出的临床肥胖定义和诊断标准框架，结合本研究中指标的可获得性定义儿童青少年亚临床肥胖和临床肥胖判定标准。结果 本调查对象全身性肥胖率3.96%,中心性肥胖率9.44%;根据临床肥胖判定依据，调查对象亚临床肥胖率2.34%,临床肥胖率0.45%。城市学校学生全身性肥胖率、中心性肥胖率和临床肥胖率高于农村学校学生，差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男孩全身性肥胖率高于女孩全身性肥胖率(P<0.05),中心性肥胖率差异无统计学意义。7～11岁组学生全身性肥胖率高于12～17岁组学生，中心性肥胖率低于12～17岁组学生，差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男孩组和女孩组均发现随着体质指数增长，中心性肥胖率和血脂异常率存在增加趋势(P<0.05),未发现体质指数与高血压之间的关系。结论 新疆儿童青少年肥胖流行呈现人群差异，与相关健康风险增加有关。

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of obesity and related health conditions among children and adolescents aged 7-17 in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2017.METHODS The data were sourced from the 2016-2017 China Children and Lactating Mothers Nutrition and Health Surveillance Program. A total of 1112 individuals were surveyed in this study, with 754 from urban schools and 358 from rural schools. Among them, boys accounted for 49.01% and girls for 50.99%; students aged 7-11 years comprised 49.01%, and those aged 12-17 years comprised 50.99%. Obesity, central obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were defined according to the following criteria: “Screening for Overweight and Obesity Among School-Age Children and Adolescents(WS/T 586-2018)”, “Threshold for High Waist Circumference Screening in Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years(WS/T 611-2018)”, “Blood Pressure Reference for Hypertension Screening in Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years”, “Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Children(2025)”, and “Chinese Guidelines for Lipid Management(2023)”. Referring to the clinical obesity definition and diagnostic criteria framework proposed by the Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission, and considering the availability of indicators in this study, criteria for defining subclinical obesity and clinical obesity in children and adolescents were established. RESULTS The general obesity rate was 3.96%, and the central obesity rate was 9.44%. According to the clinical obesity criteria, the subclinical obesity rate was 2.34%, and the clinical obesity rate was 0.45%. The general obesity rate, central obesity rate, and clinical obesity rate were higher among urban school students compared to rural school students, with all differences being statistically significant(P<0.05). The general obesity rate was higher in boys than in girls(P<0.05), while no statistically significant difference was observed in central obesity rate between genders. The obesity rate was higher in the 7-11-year-old group than in the 12-17-year-old group, whereas the central obesity rate was lower in the 7-11-year-old group compared to the 12-17-year-old group; both differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). In both boys and girls, a trend of increasing cental obesity rate and dyslipidemia rate was observed with increasing BMI(P<0.05). No association was found between BMI and hypertension.CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region shows population-specific differences and is associated with increased health risks.