卫生研究

目的 了解陕西省安康地区生活饮用水中46种元素分布特征。方法 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对2020年采集的安康地区9县1区枯水期和丰水期不同来源生活饮用水样品中46种元素进行测定，依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)和《食品安全国家标准饮用天然矿泉水》(GB 8537—2018)将这46种元素按一般化学指标(Al、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn)、毒理学指标(Cr、As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Ba、B、Mo、Ni、Sb、Be、Ag、Tl)、新增参考指标(U、V)、常量元素(K、Ca、Na、Mg)、微量元素(Li、Co、Se、Sr、Sn)和稀土元素(Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Th)进行分布特征分析和描述。结果 安康地区生活饮用水中仅个别采样点Al和Fe最大值为1.21和0.98 mg/L,超过限量标准(分别为0.2和0.3 mg/L);枯水期不同水源类型生活饮用水中Fe含量中位数为地下水高于地表水，而丰水期Al和Fe含量则为地表水高于地下水；毒理学指标均符合标准要求，同时各区县间差异无统计学意义。不同水源类型生活饮用水中Na含量中位数为地下水高于地表水，Mg、K、Ca则为地表水高于地下水；新增参考指标U最大值为0.015 mg/L,低于限量标准0.03 mg/L,V最大值为0.019 mg/L,超过限量标准0.01 mg/L,但两者中位数均较低。不同水源类型生活饮用水中Li含量中位数为地表水高于地下水，Se和Sr含量为地下水高于地表水，其中Se含量最大值为0.016 mg/L,位于紫阳县，同时Sr含量普遍较高。稀土元素含量较低，多数低于检出限。结论 2020年安康地区生活饮用水水质优良，富含锶，但个别采样点中一般化学指标如Al、Fe和新增附录指标V超过限量标准，需加强监督监测。

OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution characteristics of 46 elements in drinking water in Ankang area of Shanxi Province.METHODS A total of 46 elements in drinking water samples collected in Ankang area during dry and wet seasons in 2020 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). According to the “drinking water hygiene standards”(GB 5749—2022) and “food safety national standards”. the 46 elements were classified As general chemical indexes(Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn), toxicological indexes(Cr, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ba, B, Mo, Ni, Sb, Be, Ag, Tl), new reference indexes(U, V), and major elements(K, Ca, N) A, Mg), trace elements(Li, Co, Se, Sr, Sn) and rare earth elements(Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th) were analyzed and described.RESULTS The maximum values of Al and Fe in drinking water in Ankang area were 1.21 and 0.98 mg/L, exceeding the limits of 0.2 and 0.3 mg/L. In dry season, the median content of Fe in drinking water of different water sources was higher in groundwater than in surface water. The Al and Fe of surface water were higher than that of groundwater in wet season. The toxicological indexes all met the standard requirements, and there was no significant difference among districts and counties.The median content of Na in drinking water of different water sources was higher in groundwater than in surface water, while Mg, K and Ca were higher in surface water than in groundwater. The maximum value of the newly added reference index U was 0.015 mg/L lower than the limit standard 0.03 mg/L, and the maximum value of V was 0.019 mg/L higher than the limit standard 0.01 mg/L, but the median of both indexes were low. The median content of Li in drinking water of different water sources was that surface water was higher than groundwater, while Se and Sr were higher in groundwater than surface water. The maximum content of Se was 0.016 mg/L in Ziyang County, and Sr content was generally higher. The content of rare earth elements was low, mostly below the detection.CONCLUSION The drinking water quality in Ankang area is excellent and rich in strontium. However, the general chemical indexes Al, Fe and the newly added appendix index V in some sampling points exceed the limit standard, so supervision and monitoring should be strengthened.