卫生研究

目的了解北京市海淀区居民健康素养水平现状,并探讨其影响因素,为针对性地开展健康素养干预提供参考依据。方法 2018年采用分层多阶段概率比例抽样方法 (probability proportionate to size sampling,PPS)抽取北京市海淀区29个街镇的15～69岁常住人口,采用统一设计的全国居民健康素养调查问卷进行入户调查,全区共计获得有效问卷7034份。将问卷得分达到总分80%及以上的调查对象视为具备健康素养,否则为不具备健康素养。不同组间调查对象健康素养分布差异采用χ²检验,健康素养水平影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析,以是否具备健康素养作为因变量。结果北京市海淀区居民健康素养水平为28.56%;基本健康知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为和基本健康技能3个方面健康素养水平分别为35.79%、30.90%和36.39%;6类健康问题素养水平由高到低分别为安全与急救素养(66.39%)、科学健康观素养(51.24%)、传染病防治素养(39.78%)、健康信息素养(30.25%)、慢性病防治素养(13.33%)和基本医疗素养(11.23%)。多因素Logistic回归显示,年龄在30～39岁居民健康素养水平高于年龄在15～29岁居民(OR=1.205)、年龄在50～59岁和60～69岁居民健康素养水平低于年龄在15～29岁居民(OR值分别为0.779和0.760);女性居民健康素养水平高于男性(OR=1.208);高中/职高/中专和大专及以上文化程度居民健康素养水平高于初中及以下居民健康素养水平(OR值分别为1.460和3.893);职业为公务员/教师/医务人员、其它事业单位人员、其它企业单位人员和职业为其他的居民健康素养水平高于职业为农民和工人居民(OR值分别为1.563、1.360、1.635和1.593);家庭人均年收入>4.5万元居民健康素养水平高于家庭人均年收入≤4.5万元居民(OR=1.335);差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论海淀区居民健康素养水平偏低,应着重加强健康生活方式与行为素养、基本医疗素养和慢性病防治素养方面的干预措施,并根据人群的不同特点有针对性地开展健康素养提升行动。

OBJECTIVE To understand the status of health literacy and its influencing factors among the residents in Haidian District of Beijing,and to provide references for targeted health education intervention. METHODS A multi-staged probability proportionate to size sampling(PPS) sampling method was used to collect 7034 residents that aged 15-69 years old in Haidian District in 2018. RESULTS The standardized rate of health literacy among the residents of Haidian District was 28.56%. The standardized health literacy rate of basic health knowledge and concept literacy, health lifestyle and behavior literacy, basic health skill were 35.79%, 30.90% and 36.39%, respectively.The standardized health literacy rate of 6 health literacy issues from high to low were safety and first aid(66.39%), scientific health perspectives(51.24%), infectious diseases prevention and treatment(39.78%), health information(30.25%), chronic disease control and prevention(13.33%), and basic medical care(11.23%), respectively. The result of multiple logistic regression showed that aged between 30-39 years old, female, high school education and above, the teacher, medical and government staff, staff of other institutions, staff of other enterprises, other employees and the annual income of the family>45000 RMB were protective factors for health literacy. Aged between 50-69 years old was risk factor for health literacy. CONCLUSION The level of health literacy in Haidian District was low. Various forms of intervention activities should be carried out to improve the residents' health literacy, especially focused on health lifestyle and behavior literacy, chronic disease control and prevention and basic medical care.