卫生研究

目的 了解2021年中国18～64岁居民膳食推荐相关知识水平及相关因素。方法 2021年利用多阶段整群随机抽样法抽取全国302个调查点共102 398名18～64岁常住居民进行问卷调查，最终纳入98 567人，年龄(38.5±12.2)岁，男性49.4%,城市41.9%。问卷满分100分；膳食推荐相关知识满分30分，得分在22.5分及以上判定为知晓。采用描述性统计报告不同特征调查对象相关知识水平数值，采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析相关知识水平相关因素。结果 调查对象膳食推荐相关知识平均得分为(17.9±4.2)分，相关知识知晓率为14.7%。正确率最低的5个知识点为大豆及制品(21.1%)、添加糖(22.6%)、奶类(25.5%)、食物种类(27.6%)和烹调油(31.4%)的推荐摄入量，水果和盐的推荐摄入量正确率也较低(56.9%和58.5%)。多因素分析发现，农村(OR=0.945,95%CI 0.944～0.945)、中部地区(OR=0.863,95%CI 0.863～0.864)和西部地区(OR=0.983,95%CI 0.982～0.983)、患慢性病(OR=0.784,95%CI 0.783～0.784)和不知道患慢性病情况(OR=0.694,95%CI 0.694～0.694)的居民膳食推荐知识知晓率相对于城市、东部地区和未患慢性病的居民较低，女性(OR=1.090,95%CI 1.090～1.091)相对于男性知晓率较高；居民知晓率随着文化程度的升高而升高，趋势有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 2021年中国成年人群膳食推荐相关知识水平较低，尤其是奶类、大豆及制品、添加糖的推荐摄入量等知识点；男性、农村、中部和西部、文化程度较低的人群相关知识水平更低。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the knowledge level and related factors related to dietary recommendations for Chinese residents aged 18-64 years in 2021.METHODS A multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select 302 survey sites across the country, there were 102 398 people surveyed, with 98 567 valid questionnaires, 49.4% male and 41.9% urban, and an average age of(38.5±12.2) years. A standardized questionnaire certified by experts and evaluated for reliability and validity was used to conduct the face-to-face survey. The questionnaire was scored out of 100 points; dietary recommendation-related knowledge was scored out of 30 points, and a score of 22.5 points or above was judged as acquiring relevant knowledge. Descriptive statistics were used to report the values of relevant knowledge level of respondents with different characteristics, and univariate and multi-variate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing relevant knowledge level.RESULTS The average score of dietary recommendation-related knowledge was(17.9±4.2), and the knowledge awareness rate was 14.7%. The five knowledge points with the lowest correct rates were the recommended intakes of soybeans and products(21.1%), added sugars(22.6%), milk(25.5%), food groups(27.6%), and cooking oils(31.4%) and the recommended intakes of fruits and salt were also less correct(56.9% and 58.5%). Multi-variate analysis revealed that the knowledge of dietary recommendations was lower among residents in rural(OR=0.945, 95%CI 0.944-0.945), central(OR=0.863, 95%CI 0.863-0.864) and western(OR=0.983,95%CI 0.982-0.983) areas, those with chronic diseases(OR=0.784, 95%CI 0.783-0.784) and those who did not know about chronic diseases(OR=0.694, 95%CI 0.694-0.694) compared to the counterparts; female(OR=1.090, 95%CI 1.090-1.091) had a higher knowledge rate compared to male. The awareness rate of residents increased with the level of education, and the trend was statistically significant(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The level of knowledge related to dietary recommendations for the adult population in China in 2021 is low, especially for the recommended intake of dairy, soybeans and products, and cooking oils, and the knowledge level of men, rural, central and western, and less educated populations is even lower.