卫生研究

目的探讨电子废物拆解暴露人群体内主要危害因素的暴露水平及与抗氧化能力和免疫功能之间的关系,结合内暴露水平分析该地区的主要危害因素。方法选择浙江省电子废物拆解量最大的某地区拆解点周围的人群(40例,其中从业人员22例,非从业人员18例)作为暴露组,远离拆解地区的居民(36例)作为非暴露组。分别采集暴露人群、非暴露人群的抗凝和非抗凝外周静脉血进行抗氧化指标、免疫指标和镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、多氯联苯(PCB)含量测定。结果与非暴露组比较,暴露组人群外周血Cd、总PCB和丙二醛(MDA)含量明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),总Cr含量、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、外周血辅助性/诱导性T淋巴细胞(CD4+)百分率明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论电子废物拆解地区暴露人群的抗氧化能力明显降低,氧化损伤效应明显,同时出现了一定的免疫毒性效应,主要与血镉含量升高有关,但不排除血镉和血铅的联合作用。

Objective To investigate the relationship between risk factors and the effects of antioxidation and immune function in adults who exposed to electronic waste(e-waste).Methods The exposed group was chosen from the people who lived in the e-waste disposing areas of Zhejiang province.The control group was chosen from people who lived in unpolluted area.Anticoagulation and coagulation peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 40 exposed persons(22 employees,18 non-employees) and 36 exposed persons respectively.The oxidative,immune,Cd,Pb,Cr,Hg,and PCB indexes were detected.Results The contents of Cd,total PCB,MDA statistically increased in exposed group comparing with the contro1 group(P<0.05).The activity of SOD,GSH-Px,the percentage of helper/inducer T lymphocytes(CD4+) and the content of Cr in exposed group were less than those in the contro1group(P< 0.05).Conclusion Oxidative damage and immunotoxicity were observed in the group that lived in e-waste disposing areas.These effects were mainly related to the increase of Cd content or Cd and Pb contents in peripheral venous blood.