卫生研究

目的 分析2015年中国45岁及以上糖尿病患者的宏量营养素摄入和食物消费状况。方法 研究数据来源于2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测项目，研究结合问卷调查、连续3天24小时膳食回顾法、调味品称重3种调查方式调查社区居住的糖尿病患者的膳食营养状况。通过与《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》中宏量营养素供能比推荐量的比较，评价不同管理类型的糖尿病患者宏量营养素供能比，统计分析糖尿病患者的食物摄入状况。结果 我国45岁及以上糖尿病患者每日总能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物摄入的中位数分别为1585 kcal、50.1 g、62.4 g和200.1 g。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的供能比分别为12.6%、36.3%和52.1%。糖尿病患者中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物供能比符合《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》中推荐的人群占比分别为20.5%、21.7%和40.4%。结论 2015年我国45岁及以上糖尿病患者膳食存在宏量营养素供能比不合理的现象，主要表现为蛋白质供能比较低，脂肪供能比较高。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the macronutrient and food intake of diabetics aged 45 years and above in China.METHODS The research data was based on the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance in 2015. The dietary nutrition status of diabetics living in community was investigated by questionnaire, condiments weighing and 3 days-24 hours dietary questionnaire. Assessment was compared with the recommended amount of macronutrient energy supply ratio in The guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China(2020 edition). The macronutrient energy supply ratio of patients with different types of diabetes was evaluated and their food intake was statistically analyzed.RESULTS The median of daily intake of total energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate were 1585 kcal, 50.1 g, 62.4 g and 200.1 g, respectively. The energy ratios of protein, fat and carbohydrate were 12.6%, 36.3% and 52.1%, respectively. In diabetics, the proportion of protein, fat and carbohydrate energy ratios that meet the recommendations in The guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China(2020 edition) were 20.5%, 21.7% and 40.4%, respectively.CONCLUSION There is an unreasonable macronutrient energy ratio in the diet of diabetic over 45 years old in China, which mainly shows that the proportion of protein energy supply ratio in most diabetics is low, and the proportion of fat energy ratio exceeds the standard is high.