卫生研究

目的 比较粪菌移植不同频率及时间对抗生素预处理小鼠肠道菌群恢复的影响。方法 24只C57BL/6J小鼠按体重随机分为对照组、粪菌移植组1、粪菌移植组2、粪菌移植组3。对照组小鼠作为粪菌移植的粪便供体不做处理，粪菌移植组1、粪菌移植组2、粪菌移植组3均经2周混合抗生素(200μL/d)干预，随后进行粪菌移植(200μL/d)。粪菌移植组1移植频率为1次/天，持续1周；粪菌移植组2移植频率为1次/天，持续2周；粪菌移植组3移植频率为3次/周，持续2周。实验结束后收集小鼠粪便，使用二代测序技术分析肠道菌群Alpha多样性、Beta多样性和物种组成。结果 与对照组相比，粪菌移植组1、粪菌移植组2、粪菌移植组3小鼠肠道菌群中存在较多独立的扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variants, ASV)且ACE指数和Chao1指数显著降低(P<0.05)。粪菌移植组Beta多样性与对照组间存在差异，粪菌移植组2与对照组最接近。门水平上，粪菌移植组1、粪菌移植组3分别有2种、1种菌门与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但粪菌移植组2与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。属水平上，粪菌移植组1、粪菌移植组2、粪菌移植组3分别有6种、2种、5种菌属与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),粪菌移植组2与对照组存在差异的菌属最少，其属水平菌群组成与对照组最接近。结论 粪菌移植有助于恢复经抗生素干预后的小鼠肠道菌群结构，不同移植频率及移植时间对抗生素预处理小鼠肠道菌群的恢复效果不同，以1次/天、持续2周的粪菌移植效果较好。

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of different transplantation frequencies and time of fecal microbiota transplantation on mice.METHODS Twenty-four C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, fecal microbiota transplantation group 1(FMT1), fecal microbiota transplantation group 2(FMT2), and fecal microbiota transplantation group 3(FMT3). The control group was used as the donor of fecal microbiota transplantation, and the FMT1, FMT2, and FMT3 groups were intervened with mixed antibiotics(200 μL/d) for 2 weeks, and received fecal bacterial suspension(200 μL/d). The transplantation time of the FMT1 group frequency was 1 time/d for 1 weeks, the FMT2 group was 1 time/d for 2 weeks, and the FMT3 group was 3 times/week for 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the feces of the mice were collected to analyze the gut microbiota.RESULTS Compared with the control group, there were more independent Amplicon Sequence Variants in the intestinal microbiota of mice in FMT1 group, FMT2 group and FMT3 group, and the ACE index and Chao1 index were significantly reduced(P<0.05). Beta diversity showed differences between fecal microbiota transplantation and control groups, with FMT2 and control groups being the closest. At the phylum level, there were two species in FMT1 group and one species in FMT3 group showed statistically significant differences compared with control group(P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the FMT2 group and the control group. At the genus level, there were 6 species in the FMT1 with statistically significant differences from the control group(P<0.05), and 2 species in the FMT2, 5 species in the FMT3 respectively. Among which FMT2 group has the least number of species that differed from the control group, suggesting that the compitsition of its intestinal microbiota is closet to that of the control group.CONCLUSION Fecal bacteria transplantation helps to restore the intestinal microbiota structure of mice cleaned by antibiotics, and different transplantation frequencies and transplantation times have different recovery effects on the intestinal microbiota of mice pretreated with antibiotics, and the fecal bacteria transplantation effect is better with 1 time/d lasting 2 weeks.