卫生研究

目的分析中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18～35岁成年人食物摄入变化趋势。方法以"中国健康与营养调查"1989—2015年10轮随访调查数据为基础,选择具有完整调查数据的18～35岁成年人作为研究对象。膳食调查选用连续3天24小时回顾法结合家庭调味品称重记账法。使用Wilcoxon秩和趋势检验各类食物摄入量变化趋势,选用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验及Spearman秩检验分析各类食物摄入量与膳食指南推荐量比较变化趋势。结果 1989—2015年中国18～35岁成年人水果、畜禽肉类、水产品类、蛋类、奶及奶制品类、大豆及坚果类、糖类摄入量呈增长趋势;谷薯类、蔬菜、食用油、烹调盐、酒类呈下降趋势。与2016版中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐摄入量相比,奶及奶制品摄入不足人群比例始终超99%,谷薯类、蔬菜摄入不足人群比例分别由1989年4.1%和42.3%升至2015年19.2%和67.0%;食用油摄入不足人群比例及烹调盐摄入超标人群比例升高;畜禽肉类摄入量超推荐值人群比例由1989年34.10%升至2015年64.49%。结论中国18～35岁成年居民中仍有较高比例人群脂肪摄入过多,膳食纤维摄入不足,谷薯类、蔬菜及奶制品未达推荐量人群比例及畜禽肉类、烹调盐超推荐量人群比例均呈增长趋势,膳食结构不合理问题依然严峻。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the trend of food intake from Chinese 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) adult aged 18 to 35.METHODS Based on the data from 10 rounds follow-up survey conducted by China Health and Nutrition Survey between 1989 and 2015, adults aged 18 to 35 were selected according to the multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. Dietary surveys were conducted using 24-hour dietary recall in three consecutive days, and weighing accounting method was used to investigate the consumption of condiments. Wilcoxon rank sum trend was used to test the variation trend of food intake, Cochran-Armitage trend test and Spearman rank test were used to analyze the trend of different type of food intake and the recommended intakes of dietary pagoda for Chinese residents(2016).RESULTS The intake of fruits, livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products, eggs, milk and dairy products, soybeans and nuts and sugar for adults aged 18-35 in China has been increasing. Cereals and potatoes, vegetables, edible oil, cooking salt, alcohols showed a downward trend. Compared with Chinese Dietary Guidelines(2016)-summary, the number of people whose milk and dairy products lower than EAR has always exceeded 99%. The number of people whose cereals, potatoes and vegetables lower than EAR has increased from 4.1% and 42.3% in 1989 to 19.2% and 67.0% in 2015, respectively. The proportion of people whose edible oil lower than EAR and whose cooking salt higher than EAR increased, whose livestock and poultry meat higher than EAR increased from 34.10% in 1989 to 64.49% in 2015.CONCLUSION There is still a high proportion of Chinese adults aged 18 to 35 who consume overmuch fat but deficiency in dietary fiber. The proportion of whose consumed cereals, potatoes, vegetables and dairy products lower than EAR and exceed EAR of meat and cooking salt shows an increasing trend. The problem of unreasonable dietary structure is still serious.