卫生研究

目的探讨我国农村寄宿制学校学生能量和宏量营养素摄入状况,并分析不同性别、年龄组之间存在的差异及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,在我国16个省(市、自治区)选取农村寄宿制学校初一年级学生1834人。通过称重记账法和3天24小时膳食回顾法进行寄宿制学校学生膳食调查。结果调查对象总体的能量摄入满足能量需要量(EER)比例为41.7%,其中男生和女生的摄入量满足ERR的人数比例分别为37.0%和46.7%(P<0.05),其各自11~和14~岁年龄组摄入量均值占EER分别为93.4%和81.05%(P<0.05)、102.1%和87.1%(P<0.05)。调查对象总体的蛋白质摄入满足推荐摄入量(RNI)的人数比例为44.8%,其中男生和女生摄入量满足平均需要量(EAR)的人数比例分别为57.7%和61.4%(P>0.05),其各自11~和14~岁年龄组摄入量均值占EAR分别为124.8%和107.3%(P>0.05)、134.8%和112.1%(P<0.05)。调查对象总体的总碳水化合物摄入量满足宏量营养素可接受范围(AMDR)的比例为16.0%,男生和女生的摄入量满足EAR的人数比例分别为85.0%和77.5%(P<0.05),其各自11~和14~岁年龄组摄入量均值占EAR分别为202.0%和240.0%(P<0.05)、180.1%和205.4%(P<0.05)。调查对象总体的总脂肪摄入量满足AMDR的比例为23.7%。男生和女生总脂肪摄入量满足AMDR的人数比例分别为25.4%和22.0%(P>0.05),其各自11~和14~岁年龄组总脂肪摄入量满足AMDR的比例分别为21.8%和30.5%(P<0.05)、20.2%和25.5%(P>0.05)。结论农村地区寄宿制学校中可能存在学生营养的双重负担。需要通过落实国家相关政策,以及促进学校供餐的营养合理搭配以及学生自身的营养认识,改善该类人群的营养状况。

Objective To preliminarily survey the intakes of energy and macronutrients in rural boarding school students and analyse the affect factors of discrepancies between different sex and age groups. Methods A total of 1834 ruralboarding junior high school first grade students were selected from 16 provinces,and stratified cluster sampling method was used. The method of weight recording and three days dietary recall were used to investigate the diet of boarding school students. Results The ratios which reached the EER of energy intakes in boy and girl groups were 37. 0%and 46. 7%( P < 0. 05) respectively,and the proportion of the intakes level of EER among the age groups of 11 y ~ and 14 y ~ for both boys and girls were 93. 4%,81. 1%( P <0. 05) and 102. 1%,87. 1%( P < 0. 05) respectively. The ratios which reached the EAR of protein intakes in boy and girl groups were 57. 7% and 61. 4%( P > 0. 05)respectively,and the proportion of the intakes level of EAR among the age groups of11 y ~ and 14 y ~ for both boys and girls were 124. 8%,107. 3%( P > 0. 05) and134. 8%,112. 1%( P < 0. 05) respectively. The ratios which reached the EAR of total carbohydrate intakes in boy and girl groups were 85. 0% and 77. 5%( P < 0. 05)respectively,and the proportion of the intakes level of EAR among the age groups of11 y ~ and 14 y ~ for both boys and girls were 202. 0% and 240. 0%( P < 0. 05),180. 1% and 205. 4%( P < 0. 05) respectively. The ratios which reached the AMDR of total fat intakes in boy and girl groups were 25. 4% and 22. 0%( P > 0. 05) respectively,and among the age groups of 11 y ~ and 14 y ~ for both boys and girls were 21. 8% and30. 5%( P < 0. 05),20. 2% and 25. 5%( P > 0. 05) respectively. Conclusions Double burden of nutrient might exist in the rural boarding schools. The status of nutrition could be improved evidently,by fulfilling the relative national policies,promoting the balance of the nutrition supplying in schools, and enriching the boarding students 'knowledge of nutrition.