卫生研究

目的了解并分析中国部分城市哺乳期妇女的膳食营养状况。方法2015年4月—2016年4月,于南京、上海、成都、齐齐哈尔、郑州的市妇幼保健院在进行产后或婴儿体检的母亲中按照就诊序列号随机抽取579名哺乳期妇女为研究对象。采用问卷调查乳母基本情况、妊娠期健康状况和结局、喂哺婴儿状况。获得基本情况资料,并利用即时性图像法收集了3 d膳食资料。结果五城市哺乳期妇女的薯类[0(0～13.3)]g、蔬菜[251.8(152.6～362.5)]g、大豆[4.8(0～16.3)]g、奶类[85.7(0～250.0)]g摄入量远低于推荐量水平。除谷薯类(χ²=4.61,P=0.33)和水果(χ²=5.69,P=0.22)外,各地区各类食物的摄入量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。五城市总体碳水化合物的供能比为47.7%,只有南京、郑州地区达到了50%,总体脂肪供能比为34.2%。能量摄入(2031.7±513.3) kcal略低于推荐量,维生素A [523.9(333.8～832.7)]μgRAE、维生素C[91.9(61.3～141.3)]mg、钙[536.3(372.0～765.7)]mg摄入不足情况比较明显。铁摄入量虽接近推荐量,但血红素铁仅占16.5%。结论五城市部分哺乳期妇女膳食结构不合理,部分营养素摄入不足。

OBJECTIVE To learn the dietary and nutrients intake of lactating women in five cities in China. METHODS From April 2015 to April 2016, about 579 lactating women whose infants aged 1-24 months from five cities of Nanjing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Qiqihar, and Zhengzhou were recruited based on the principle of random sampling in maternity and child health care hospitals. We collected the characteristics of baseline information and 3 d dietary assessment with instant photography. RESULTS For all the lactating women of these cities, the intakes of tubers[0(0-13.3)]g, vegetables[251.8(152.6-362.5)]g, soybeans[4.8(0-16.3)]g and dairy products [85.7(0-250.0)]g were far below the intakes recommended by dietary guidelines for Chinese residents. The components of lactating women's diet were different among cities except tubers(χ²=4.61,P=0.33) and fruits(χ²=5.69,P=0.22), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The proportion of energy provided in carbohydrate and fat was 47.7% and 34.2%, respectively. Among the 5 cities, only energy contribution ratio of Nanjing and Zhengzhou were up to 50%, which met the acceptable macronutrient distribution range(AMDR) of carbohydrate. According the dietary reference intakes(DRIs), the energy intake(2031.7±513.3) kcal was slightly lower than estimated energy requirement(EER). The deficiency of VA[523.9(333.8-832.7)] μgRAE, VC[91.9(61.3-141.3)] mg and calcium[536.3(372.0-765.7)]mg was obvious. Although the amount of dietary iron intake was closed to the recommended level, the heme iron intake only accounted 16.5%. CONCLUSION The major problems of these lactating women are imbalanced diet and insufficient intakes of some nutrients among different cities.