卫生研究

目的分析2010—2012年中国农村地区6~17岁儿童青少年维生素A营养状况。方法基于2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康监测项目,采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的随机抽样方法,以一般农村和贫困农村地区调查点送检的儿童青少年血清样本为研究对象,采用单纯随机抽样法共抽取样品5888份,高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)测定血清视黄醇浓度,评价农村儿童青少年的维生素A营养状况。结果中国农村儿童青少年血清视黄醇浓度为(1.44±0.58)μmol/L,其中一般农村和贫困农村分别为(1.40±0.56)μmol/L和(1.46±0.60)μmol/L(t=1.88,P<0.05)。6~11岁组一般农村和贫困农村血清视黄醇浓度分别为(1.31±0.53)μmol/L和(1.37±0.60)μmol/L,均显著低于12~17岁组的(1.52±0.57)μmol/L和(1.52±0.60)μmol/L(t=11.90和t=5.54,P<0.05)。农村儿童青少年维生素A总缺乏率为5.53%,其中一般农村和贫困农村分别为6.14%和4.55%;边缘缺乏率为18.75%,其中一般农村和贫困农村分别为19.17%和18.07%,差异均无统计学意义。结论中国农村地区儿童青少年的维生素A缺乏仍普遍存在,其中边缘缺乏情况较为突出。

Objective To analysis the vitamin A nutritional status of 6-to 17-year-old children and adolescents between 2010-2012 in rural China. Methods Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2010-2012 project,the serum vitamin A samples of children and adolescents from survey sites of rural area were selected by random sampling method,and 5888 cases of samples were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography method to evaluate their vitamin A nutritional status. Results The serum retinol concentration of children and adolescents in rural area was( 1. 44 ± 0. 58) μmol/L,and were( 1. 40 ± 0. 56) μmol/L in general rural areas and( 1. 46 ± 0. 60) μmol/L in poverty rural areas respectively( t = 1. 88,P < 0. 05). The serum retinol concentration of6-to 11-year-old were( 1. 31 ± 0. 53) μmol/L and( 1. 37 ± 0. 60) μmol/L,and serumretinol concentration of 12-to 17-year-old were( 1. 52 ± 0. 57) μmol/L and( 1. 52 ±0. 60) μmol/L( t = 11. 90 and t = 5. 54,P < 0. 05). The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 5. 53%,and were 6. 14% in general rural areas and 4. 55% in poverty rural areas,respectively( P > 0. 05). The prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency were 18. 75%,and were 19. 17% in general rural areas and 18. 07% in poverty rural areas,respectively( P > 0. 05). Conclusion The situation of vitamin A deficiency in rural China are still widespread,the high prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency is more prominent.