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目的 分析2023年贵州省六地区18岁及以上成年居民膳食模式与肥胖的关系。方法 利用贵州省2023年“中国发展与营养健康影响队列调查”项目数据，该项目采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法确定调查人群，使用调查问卷收集个人基本信息和食物频率膳食数据，体格检查收集身高、体重数据。使用χ2检验比较肥胖人群在不同特征人群间占比的差异，秩和检验比较肥胖与非肥胖人群的能量摄入量差异；基于探索性因子分析建立膳食模式，将因子得分按分位数水平进行五分类(Q1～Q5);采用二分类Logistic回归进行不同膳食模式与肥胖的关联性分析。结果 本研究共计730名成年居民纳入调查分析，肥胖人群达129人(17.67%),其中，男性(18.54%)、45～59岁人群(18.66%)、农村人群(19.28%)、初中学历人群(21.67%)、吸烟人群(20.63%)、饮酒人群(20.90%)、中等体力活动人群(19.54%)的肥胖发生率更高，但差异均无统计学意义。通过探索性因子分析建立了三类膳食模式，分别为非肉类-平衡模式、咸菜-发酵豆制品-肉类-米面模式、高盐-油-糖模式。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，在调整性别、年龄、地区、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、身体活动、能量摄入后，咸菜-发酵豆制品-肉类-米面模式(Q4比Q1:OR=2.574,95%CI 1.306～5.076)和高盐-油-糖模式(Q5比Q1:OR=2.175,95%CI 1.169～4.046)与肥胖存在正向关联。结论 贵州省六地区成年居民的咸菜-发酵豆制品-肉类-米面膳食模式和高盐-油-糖膳食模式与肥胖呈正相关。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity among adult residents aged 18 years and older in six regions of Guizhou Province in 2023.METHODS The data were derived from the 2023 China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey in Guizhou Province, which used a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to identify the survey population, and the questionnaire was used to collect basic personal information and dietary data on food frequency, and the physical examination was used to collect data on height and weight. The Chi-Square test was used to compare the differences in the proportion of obese people among different characteristics, and the Wilcoxon rank test was used to compare the differences in energy intake between obese and non-obese people; dietary patterns were established based on exploratory factor analysis, and factor scores were categorized into five categories at the quartile level(Q1-Q5); and binary Logistic regression was used to conduct the analysis of associations between different dietary patterns and obesity.RESULTS A total of 730 adult residents were included in the analysis of this study, and the obese population amounted to 129(17.67%), of which, males(18.54%), 45-59-year-olds(18.66%), rural population(19.28%), junior high school-educated population(21.67%), smokers(20.63%), alcohol-drinking population(20.90%), moderate physical activity population(19.54%) had a higher prevalence of obesity, but none of the differences were statistically significant. Three types of dietary patterns were established by exploratory factor analysis, namely, non-meat-balanced pattern, salted vegetables-fermented soybean products-meat-rice&noodles pattern, and high salt-oil-sugar pattern. The result of multi-factorial Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, region, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and energy intake, the salted vegetable-fermented soybean product-meat-rice&noodle pattern(Q4 vs. Q1: OR=2.574, 95% CI 1.306-5.076) and the high salt-oil-sugar pattern(Q5 vs. Q1: OR=2.175, 95% CI 1.169-4.046) were positively associated with obesity.CONCLUSION salted vegetable-fermented soybean product-meat-rice&noodle pattern and high salt-oil-sugar dietary patterns were positively associated with obesity among adult residents in six regions of Guizhou Province.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.01.010
中图分类号:R589.2;R151.42
引用信息:
[1]彭江江,贺林娟,刘怡娅.2023年贵州省六地区成年居民膳食模式与肥胖的关系[J].卫生研究,2026,55(01):51-57+66.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.01.010.
基金信息:
国家财政项目(No.102393220020070000016); 贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金(No.gzwkj2021-418)
2026-01-21
2026-01-21