卫生研究

目的 了解上海市中等职业(以下简称中职)学校学生手机成瘾和肌肉骨骼疾患的现状，分析两者的相关性。方法 于2023年3—4月采用分层随机抽样方法抽取上海市10所中等职业学校4897名学生，使用手机成瘾倾向量表和北欧肌肉骨骼症状自评量表进行问卷调查，采用描述性统计分析、Pearson χ²分析和二元Logistic回归分析等方法进行统计学分析。结果 调查对象中手机成瘾3450人(70.45%),其中男生1993人(66.61%),女生1457人(76.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=54.14,P<0.01);一至三年级学生手机成瘾检出数分别为1100人(68.92%)、1160人(71.78%)、1190人(70.62%),年级间差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.32,P=0.19);独生子女手机成瘾2117人(69.21%),非独生子女手机成瘾1333人(72.52%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.29,P=0.01);肌肉骨骼疾患1859人(37.96%),男、女生分别为1053人(35.20%)和806人(42.30%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=25.03,P<0.01)。身体各部位疾患发生率从高到低前3位依次为颈[1152人(23.52%)]、腰背[957人(19.54%)]、肩[808人(16.50%)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.77,P<0.01;χ²=46.24,P<0.01;χ²=36.48,P<0.01)。手机成瘾倾向得分对颈椎痛、肩膀痛、腰背痛、手腕痛、肘部痛皆产生显著性影响。其中，手机成瘾倾向得分每增加1分，颈椎痛、肩膀痛、腰背痛、手腕痛、肘部痛的发生率分别上升为原来的1.036、1.037、1.034、1.045和1.047倍。结论 2023年上海市中职学生手机成瘾与肌肉骨骼疾患呈正相关。

OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation of smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal disorders among students of secondary vocational schools in Shanghai, and to analyze the correlation between the two.METHODS A stratified random sampling method was used to select 4897 students from 10 secondary vocational schools in Shanghai between March and April 2023. Smartphone Addiction Scale and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were used for the survey. Descriptive statistical analyses, Pearson's chi-squared test analysis and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted for the statistical analysis of the research.RESULTS The overall detection rate of smartphone addiction among students in secondary vocational schools in Shanghai was 70.45%(3450 students),with 66.61%(1993 students) of boys and 76.5%(1457 students) of girls showing addiction, indicating a statistically significant difference between genders(χ²=54.14, P<0.01). The detection rates of smartphone addiction among first, second, and third-year students were 68.92%(1100 students), 71.78%(1160 students), and 70.62%(1190 students) respectively, with no statistically significant difference among different grades(χ²=3.32, P=0.19). The detection rate of smartphone addiction was 69.21%(2117 students) among only children and 72.52%(1333 students) among non-only children, showing a statistically significant difference(χ²=6.29, P=0.01). The detection rate of musculoskeletal disorders was 37.96%(1859 students), with 35.20%(1053 students) of boys and 42.30%(806 students) of girls affected, indicating a statistically significant difference between genders(χ²=25.03, P<0.01). Regarding the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders by body part, the top three were: neck(23.52%, 1152 students), lower back(19.54%, 957 students), and shoulder(16.50%, 808 students), with statistically significant differences between genders(χ²=8.77, P<0.01; χ²=46.24, P<0.01; χ²=36.48, P<0.01). The mobile phone addiction tendency score had a significant impact on five types of musculoskeletal disorders: neck pain, shoulder pain, lower back pain, wrist pain and elbow pain. For every one-point increase in the mobile phone addiction tendency score, the incidence rates of neck pain, shoulder pain, lower back pain, wrist pain and elbow pain increased by 1.036, 1.037, 1.034, 1.045 and 1.047 times, respectively.CONCLUSION Smartphone addiction among vocational high school students in Shanghai significantly increases the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, including neck pain, shoulder pain, lower back pain, wrist pain, and elbow pain.