卫生研究

目的 分析成年居民主要慢性代谢性疾病状况及流行趋势。方法 利用“中国健康与营养调查”(2009—2018年)和“中国发展与营养健康影响因素队列”(2022—2023年)调查中十省(自治区)18岁及以上成年居民作为研究对象，删除人口学信息和疾病判定信息缺失者，2009、2015、2018和2023年4次调查共纳入34 982人。描述高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和高尿酸血症的流行趋势，分析年龄、性别、城乡和地区间的人群患病差异。拟合多元Logistics回归模型对各慢性代谢性疾病相互关联进行分析。结果 十省(自治区)的成年居民高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、高尿酸血症的患病率分别从2009年的31.71%、10.86%、34.96%和11.39%增长到2023年的43.43%、16.81%、39.02%和14.54%。除高尿酸血症外，其余慢性代谢性疾病患病率随年龄增加呈增长趋势。男性各慢性代谢性疾病患病率均显著高于女性(P<0.01)。除高血压外，城市居民慢性代谢性疾病患病率普遍高于农村(P<0.01),但城乡差异逐渐减小。地区差异在各疾病中呈现不同特点，高血压、糖尿病的患病率为北方高于南方(P<0.01),高尿酸血症的患病率为南方高于北方(P<0.01)。患一种代谢性疾病会同时增加其他代谢性疾病的患病风险。结论 2009—2023年成年居民主要慢性代谢性疾病患病率增长趋势明显，且呈现年龄、性别、城乡和地区差异。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the status and epidemic trends of major chronic metabolic diseases among adults.METHODS Using the “China Health and Nutrition Survey”(2009-2018)/“China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey”(2022—2023), adults aged 18 years old and above from 10 provincial regions were selected as the study subjects. Those with missing demographic information and disease diagnosis were removed, and a total of 34 982 people were finally included from 2009, 2015, 2018 and 2023 waves. The prevalence trend of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia, as well as the differences in age, gender, urban/rural and regions were described and analyzed. Multiple logistics regression models were fitted to analyze the relations of various chronic metabolic diseases.RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia among adults in 10 provincial regions increased from 31.71%, 10.86%, 34.96% and 11.39% in 2009 to 43.43%, 16.81%, 39.02% and 14.54% in 2023, respectively. Except for hyperuricemia, the prevalence of other chronic metabolic diseases increased with age. The prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases in males was significantly higher than that in females(P<0.01). Except for hypertension, the incidence of chronic metabolic diseases among urban residents was generally higher than that in rural areas(P<0.01), but the urban-rural difference was gradually decreasing. Regional differences showed different characteristics in each diseases. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in the north was higher than that in the south(P<0.01), however, the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the south was higher than that in the north(P<0.01). Suffering from one metabolic disease increased the risk of developing other metabolic diseases simultaneously.CONCLUSION From 2009 to 2023, the prevalence of major chronic metabolic diseases among adults has shown a significant increasing trend, with differences in age, gender, urban-rural areas, and regions.