| 203 | 5 | 171 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
目的 调查制造业三个子行业工人职业性噪声暴露特征及其分布状况。方法 于2020年5月选取来自浙江省的232名稳态噪声暴露工人(包括170名纺织工人和62名造纸工人)和416名复杂噪声暴露的家具制造工人，对工作场所噪声的波形、8小时等效A声级(eight-hour continuous equivalent a-weighted sound level, LAeq, 8 h)、累积噪声暴露量(cumulative noise exposure, CNE)和平均峰度(mean β,反映波形时域结构)进行分析。结果 除纺织业外，造纸业和家具制造业以男性青壮年为主(分别为33.53%、59.68%和88.46%)。造纸业和纺织业的峰度均<10,为稳态噪声；家具制造业的峰度均>10,为复杂噪声，不同行业的峰度分布差异有统计学意义(U=446.26,P<0.05)。每个工种拥有唯一波形，复杂噪声波形与稳态噪声波形具有显著差异。纺织业和造纸业LAeq, 8 h的超标率分别为92.35%和93.55%,家具制造业的超标率为78.13%。CNE指标在不同行业之间差异有统计学意义(F=95.80,P<0.05),纺织业和造纸业CNE分别为(101.09±6.82)dB(A)·年、(99.63±4.94) dB(A)·年，家具制造业CNE为(93.66±6.172)dB(A)·年。结论 纺织业和造纸业工人噪声暴露的类型为稳态噪声，家具制造业工人噪声暴露类型为复杂噪声。能量指标(LAeq, 8 h和CNE)和结构指标在复杂噪声和稳态噪声中的分布差异显著，联合应用能量指标和峰度能更加全面评估噪声接触导致的损害。
Abstract：[1] NELSON D I,NELSON R Y,CONCHA-BARRIENTOS M,et al.The global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss[J].Am J Ind Med,2005,48(6):446-458.
[2] SLIWINSKA-KOWALSKA M, ZABOROWSKI K.WHO environmental noise guidelines for the european region:a systematic review on environmental noise and permanent hearing loss and tinnitus[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,14(10):1120-1139.
[3] 邱伟，张美辨，徐维超，等.峰度在评估复杂噪声所引起听力损失中的应用[J].中华耳科学杂志，2016,14(6):701-707.
[4] HAMERNIK R P,QIU W,DAVIS B.Hearing loss from interrupted,intermittent,and time varying non-Gaussian noise exposure:the applicability of the equal energy hypothesis[J].J Acoust Soc Am,2007,122(4):2245-2254.
[5] HAMERNIK R P,QIU W,DAVIS B.The effects of the amplitude distribution of equal energy exposures on noise-induced hearing loss:the kurtosis metric[J].J Acoust Soc Am,2003,114(1):386-395.
[6] VON GIERKE H.The proposed ISO standard determination of occupational noise exposure and estimation of noise-induced hearing impairment[A]//SALVI R J,eds.Basic and applied aspects of noise-induced hearing loss.Germany:Springer,1986:621-630.
[7] 中华人民共和国卫生部.中华人民共和国国家职业卫生标准：工作场所物理因素测量第 8 部分：噪声：GBZ/T189.8—2007 [S].北京：中国标准出版社，2007.
[8] ELDRED K M,GANNON W J,VON GIERKE H.Criteria for short time exposure of personnel to high intensity jet aricraft noise[B].1955:55-355.
[9] LEI S F,AHROON W A,HAMERNIK R P.The application of frequency and time domain kurtosis to the assessment of hazardous noise exposures[J].J Acoust Soc Am,1994,96(3):1435-1444.
[10] SHI Z,ZHOU J,HUANG Y,et al.Occupational hearing loss associated with non-gaussian noise:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Ear Hearing,2021,42(6):1472-1484.
[11] MACDONALD D B,DONG C,QUATRALE R,et al.Recommendations of the international society of intraoperative neurophysiology for intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials[J].Clin Neurophysiol,2019,130(1):161-179.
[12] 中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第二给部分：物理有害因素：GBZ 2.2—2007 [S].北京：中国标准出版社，2007.
[13] 陈醒觉，曾丹，叶方立，等.听力损伤的累积噪声暴露阈值研究[J].中国职业医学.2005,32(5):33-35.
[14] DAVIS R I,QIU W,HEYER N J,et al.The use of the kurtosis metric in the evaluation of occupational hearing loss in workers in China:implications for hearing risk assessment[J].Noise Health,2012,14(61):330-342.
[15] ZHOU J,SHI Z,ZHOU L,et al.Occupational noise-induced hearing loss in China:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].BMJ Open,2020,10(9):e039576.
[16] NEITZEL R,ANDERSSON M,ERIKSSON H,et al.Development of a job exposure matrix for noise in the Swedish soft tissue paper industry[J].Ann Work Exp Health,2018,62(2):195-209.
[17] ABRAHAM Z,MASSAWE E,NTUNAGUZI D,et al.Prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss among textile industry workers in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania[J].Ann Global Health,2019,85(1).
[18] 周海林，舒友梅，许启荣，等.广州木质家具行业职业危害特征及关键控制点分析[J].中国工业医学杂志.2013,26(4):299-300.
[19] 成小如，赵一鸣.工业脉冲噪声对听力危害的研究进展[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志，2001,19(3):234-23.6.
[20] ZHANG M,QIU W,XIE H,et al.Applying kurtosis as an indirect metric of noise temporal structure in the assessment of hearing loss associated with occupational complex noise exposure[J].Ear Hear,2021,42(6):1782-1796.
[21] GOLEY G S,SONG W J,KIM J H.Kurtosis corrected sound pressure level as a noise metric for risk assessment of occupational noises[J].J Acoust Soc Am,2011,129(3):1475-1481.
[22] XIE H W,QIU W,HEYER N J,et al.The use of the kurtosis-adjusted cumulative noise exposure metric in evaluating the hearing loss risk for complex noise[J].Ear Hear,2016,37(3):312-323.
[23] KIM K S.Occupational hearing loss in Korea[J].J Korean Med Sci,2010,25(Suppl):S62-S69.
[24] VOITL P,SEBELEFSKY C,MAYRHOFER C,et al.Noise levels in general pediatric facilities:A health risk for the staff?[J].PLoS One,2019,14(3):e0213722.
[25] 郭鑫，张琼琼，王芳.非稳态噪声与作业工人高频听力损失的剂量-反应关系分析[J].医学理论与实践，2020,33(21):3667-3669.
基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.03.027
中图分类号:R135.8
引用信息:
[1]王旭波,辛佳芮,施志豪,等.三个制造业中稳态噪声与复杂噪声暴露特征[J].卫生研究,2022,51(03):504-508.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.03.027.
基金信息:
浙江省重点研发项目(No.2015C03039); 2018年度浙江省151人才工程培养项目; 2016年度浙江省卫生创新人才培养项目; 浙江省医药卫生基金(No.2019KY057,No.2021KY120); 浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(No.Y202147694)