卫生研究

目的分析中国6～17岁学龄儿童早餐的食物种类,为改善儿童膳食营养提供理论依据。方法数据来自2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测。采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样方法进行抽样,在全国31个省150个县/区共选取6～17岁儿童5822名作为研究对象。采用3天24小时膳食调查问卷调查儿童连续3天进食情况。比较不同年龄、性别、地区儿童早餐食物种类情况。结果中国分别有88.1%、47.8%、49.5%和33.1%的6～17岁学龄儿童调查期间早餐吃谷薯杂豆、蔬菜水果、禽畜肉蛋鱼和奶大豆坚果。早餐食物种类达到3类及以上的比例为41.7%,其中15～17岁儿童和贫困农村儿童早餐食物种类达到3类及以上的比例(37.7%和29.6%)均低于其他组儿童(P<0.05);不同性别的学龄儿童早餐食物种类的差异无统计学意义。结论学龄儿童早餐食物种类不能达到3类及以上的情况普遍存在,尤其是高年龄组和贫困农村儿童早餐状况更差,应重点关注。

OBJECTIVE To analyze breakfast food varieties among children aged 6-17 in China from 2010 to 2012. METHODS Data came from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. By using multi-stage stratified sampling and population proportional stratified random sampling method, 5822 children aged 6-17 from 150 sites in 31 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities in China were selected as subjects. Information on breakfast food varieties was collected by using the 24 h recall method for 3 consecutive days, and compared by different ages, genders and regions. RESULTS The rate of school-aged children aged 6 to 17 years in China who ingested cereals, vegetables and fruits, meat, fish and eggs, milk, soy bean and nuts was 88.1%, 47.8%, 49.5% and 33.1% respectively. The rate of breakfast food reaching 3 kinds or above was 41.7%, and the rate of breakfast food varieties reached 3 kinds or above among children aged 15-17 years and poor rural children were lower than other groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in different gender. CONCLUSIONIt is common that the kinds of breakfast food for school-age children cannot reach 3 or above. More attention and improvement measures are needed for children of high age groups and poor rural areas.