卫生研究

目的了解深圳市初产、顺产妇的乳汁中8种矿物质(钙、钾、钠、镁和微量元素锌、铁、硒、铜)含量和3种有毒元素(铅、砷、镉)负荷水平,以评估该地婴儿8种常量元素和微量元素的营养状况和3种有毒元素污染水平。方法于2007年7～10月采集在深圳生活5年以上20～35岁的初产妇产后3周～2月龄的母乳共60份,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法及电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定母乳中的常量元素钙、钾、钠、镁和微量元素锌、铁、硒、铜及有毒元素铅、砷、镉的含量。结果所测母乳的8种矿物质和重金属中,常量元素钙、钾、钠、镁的平均含量分别是280.22、498.61、188.65和28.31mg/L,微量元素锌、铁、硒、铜的平均含量分别是2.29mg/L、358.88μg/L、8.28μg/L和339.16μg/L,铅的平均含量是2.13μg/L。砷和镉的含量均小于0.005μg/L。结论与国际原子能机构的标准及国内的一些地区调查结果比较,深圳地区母乳中常量元素钙、钾、钠、镁和锌、铁、铜7种矿物质的平均含量基本合理,砷、镉的污染水平低,但是存在微量元素硒的缺乏和重金属铅的污染。

Objective To investigate the levels of some mineral elements composition and heavy metal in human breast milk in Shenzhen, and estimate the status of infant with breast feeding. Methods ICP-MS and ICP-AES instruments were used to detect the levels of four macroelements of Ca, K, Na, Mg and four microelements of Zn, Fe, Se, Cu totally eight minerals as well as three heavy metal of Pb, As and Cd in human breast milk. 60 breast milk samples were collected from the women aged 20-35, lived in Shenzhen over 5 years, postdelivery 3 weeks to 2 months from Jul. to Nov. 2007. Results Average concentration for four kinds of macroelement of Ca, K, Na, Mg was 280.22,498.61,188.65 and 28.31mg/L respectively,that for four kinds of microelements of Zn, Fe, Se, Cu was 2.29 mg/L,358.88μg/L,8.28μg/L and 339.16μg/L respectively in 60 human breast milk samples. Average concentration of Pb was 2.13μg/L in 60 human breest milk samples, and heavy metal As and Cd were non-detected. Conclusion The nutrition status of four kinds of macroelement of Ca, K, Na, Mg and three kinds of microelements of Zn, Fe, Cu in 60 human breast milk samples were reasonable, but the lack of microelement Se and the pollution of the heavy metal should been taken into account.