| 518 | 5 | 35 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
目的 探究儿童膳食营养素摄入与高血压、超重肥胖的关系。方法 于2016年4月采用整群抽样法抽取武汉市洪山区两所小学3～6年级学生1033名，年龄9～12(10.55±1.10)岁，其中男生545名(52.8%),女生488名(47.2%),对儿童进行体格检查和膳食调查，体格检查包括身高、体重、血压等，膳食调查采用3天24 h回顾法。通过主成分因子分析法探讨儿童膳食营养素模式，并用Logistic回归分析不同膳食营养素模式对高血压、超重肥胖的影响。结果 营养素摄入量以M(P25, P75)表示，高血压组能量摄入高于血压正常组[1761.97(1617.17,1940.43)kcal比1730.95(1556.06,1905.71)kcal,P=0.011]。超重肥胖组和体重正常组相比，碳水化合物[250.65(226.55,281.29)g比244.41(220.04,273.01)g,P=0.011]、维生素B1[0.29(0.22,0.36)mg比0.27(0.22,0.34)mg,P=0.022]、维生素B2[0.45(0.33,0.60)mg比0.39(0.32,0.51)mg,P=0.001]、铁[12.64(11.06,14.48)mg比12.39(10.57,14.21)mg,P=0.033]、锌[5.11(4.00,6.77)mg比4.60(3.87,5.84)mg,P<0.001]摄入量更高，钙摄入更低[185.52(136.92,264.73)mg比207.39(141.25,300.92)mg,P=0.007]。低胆固醇低维生素高钙模式(OR=0.644,95%CI 0.421～0.985)和低蛋白低脂低胆固醇模式的Q2(OR=0.626,95%CI 0.412～0.951)是超重肥胖的保护因素。结论 高碳水化合物可能是3～6年级小学生超重肥胖的危险因素，高钙、低脂、低胆固醇可能是超重肥胖的保护因素。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between children's dietary nutrient intakes and hypertension, overweight and obesity.METHODS In April 2016, 1033 children aged 9 to 12 from grades 3 to 6 in two primary schools in Hongshan District of Wuhan City were selected by cluster sampling method, with an average age of(10.55±1.10) years, including 545 boys(52.8%) and 488 girls(47.2%), for physical examination and dietary survey. Physical examination included height, weight, blood pressure, etc. Dietary survey was conducted using a 3-day 24 h retrospective method. Principal component factor analysis was used to explore the dietary nutrient patterns of children, and logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of different dietary nutrient patterns on children's hypertension, overweight and obesity.RESULTS In terms of M(P25, P75), compared with normal blood pressure group, hypertensive group had higher energy intake(1761.97(1617.17,1940.43)kcal vs. 1730.95(1556.06,1905.71)kcal, P=0.011). Compared with normal weight group, overweight and obese group had higher carbohydrate(250.65(226.55,281.29)g vs. 244.41(220.04,273.01)g, P=0.011), vitamin B1(0.29(0.22,0.36)mg vs. 0.27(0.22,0.34)mg, P=0.022), vitamin B2(0.45(0.33,0.60)mg vs. 0.39(0.32,0.51)mg, P=0.001), iron(12.64(11.06,14.48)mg vs. 12.39(10.57,14.21)mg, P=0.033), zinc(5.11(4.00,6.77)mg vs. 4.60(3.87,5.84)mg, P<0.001)intakes, lower calcium intake(185.52(136.92,264.73)mg vs. 207.39(141.25,300.92)mg, P=0.007). Low cholesterol, low vitamin, high calcium pattern(OR=0.644, 95%CI 0.421-0.985) and Q2 of low protein, low fat and low cholesterol(OR=0.626, 95%CI 0.412-0.951) were protective factors for overweight and obesity.CONCLUSION High carbohydrate may be a risk factor for overweight and obesity, while high calcium, low fat and low cholesterol may be protective factors for overweight and obesity.
[1] 贾晓娜，娄晓民，王晓琳，等.河南省中小学生高血压流行状况及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生，2019,40(3):430-433.
[2] 马佳，陈肯，张宇清.儿童高血压的诊断及测量[J].医学综述，2020,26(19):3860-3864.
[3] YAN Y,HOU D,LIU J,et al.Childhood body mass index and blood pressure in prediction of subclinical vascular damage in adulthood:Beijing blood pressure cohort[J].J Hypertension,2017,35(1):47-54.
[4] 李丽，王惠君，欧阳一非，等.中国九省儿童青少年2000—2018年营养状况[J].中国学校卫生，2021,42(12):1789-1792.
[5] 陈贻珊，张一民，孔振兴，等.我国儿童青少年超重、肥胖流行现状调查[J].中华疾病控制杂志，2017,21(9):866-869.
[6] 郭子予，冯哲浩，汪文新，等.中国学龄儿童超重肥胖流行特征及其干预对策[J].中国学校卫生，2021,42(11):1747-1750.
[7] 朴玮，于冬梅，琚腊红，等.2016—2017年中国6～11岁儿童能量和宏量营养素摄入情况[J].卫生研究，2021,50(3):389-394.
[8] 毕小艺，杨媞媞，徐培培，等.2010—2012年中国6～17岁儿童膳食钙摄入情况[J].卫生研究，2021,50(3):431-434.
[9] 原晨晨，薛琨，郭红卫.全球儿童超重肥胖的流行现状和影响因素[J].卫生研究，2020,49(3):506-510.
[10] 李志超，黄鹤，廖晓阳.膳食营养素与高血压关系的研究进展[J].现代预防医学，2016,43(11):1959-1962.
[11] 汪之顼，孙忠清，钟春梅.回顾性膳食调查辅助参照食物图谱的研制[C]//中国营养学会妇幼营养第七次全国学术会议论文汇编.南京：南京医科大学，2010:560-564.
[12] 中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所.中国食物成分表[M].2版.北京：北京大学医学出版社，2009.
[13] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查：WS/T 586—2018[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2018.
[14] 高血压联盟(中国),中华医学会心血管病学分会，中国医师协会高血压专业委员会，等.中国高血压防治指南2018年修订版[J].心脑血管病防治，2019,19(1):1-44.
[15] 马淑婧，羊柳，赵敏，等.1991—2015年中国儿童青少年血压水平及高血压检出率的变化趋势[J].中华高血压杂志，2021,29(2):200.
[16] SHIVAPPA N,STECK S E,HURLEY T G,et al.Designing and developing a literature-derived,population-based dietary inflammatory index[J].Public Health Nutr,2014,17(8):1689-1696.
[17] OZEMEK C,LADDU D R,ARENA R,et al.The role of diet for prevention and management of hypertension[J].Curr Opin Cardiol,2018,33(4):388-393.
[18] GOLDBERG T B,DA SILVA C C,PERES L N,et al.Calcium intake and its relationship with risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents[J].Arch Latinoam Nutr,2009,59(1):14-21.
[19] ZEMEL M B,TEEGARDEN D,LOAN M V,et al.Dairy-rich diets augment fat loss on an energy-restricted diet:a multicenter trial[J].Nutrients,2009,1(1):83-100.
[20] ILICH J Z,KELLY O J,LIU P Y,et al.Role of calcium and low-fat dairy foods in weight-loss outcomes revisited:results from the randomized trial of effects on bone and body composition in overweight/obese postmenopausal women[J].Nutrients,2019,11(5):1157.
基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.015
中图分类号:R153.2
引用信息:
[1]任研,程文林,何邱平,等.武汉市3～6年级小学生膳食营养素与高血压、超重肥胖的关系[J].卫生研究,2022,51(05):767-772+779.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.05.015.
基金信息:
湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(No.19Y016); 教育部人文社会科学研究项目(No.15YJAZH104)
2022-09-19
2022-09-19