卫生研究

目的 对编制的中国学龄儿童营养健康知识问卷进行信度和效度检验。方法 2023年9月采用方便抽样法，在江苏宿迁市宿城区和四川成都市大邑县分别选取小学、初中、高中各一所进行问卷调查。对问卷的信度(内部一致性、折半信度)和效度(表面效度、结构效度)进行量化分析。结果 共有1017人参与问卷调查，其中包括小学低年级(1～3年级)251人，小学高年级(4年级及以上)249人，初中262人，高中255人；城镇480人(47.2%);男生473人(46.5%);年龄(11.9±3.6)岁。小学低年级、小学高年级、初中、高中版本问卷的Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.54、0.76、0.79和0.79,Guttman折半系数分别为0.58、0.63、0.66和0.72。效度分析结果显示，调查员及被调查学校老师基本认可问卷设计，验证性因子分析中χ²/df为1.49～1.66,近似误差均方根为0.04～0.05,拟合优度指数为0.88～0.92,各维度与总分的相关系数显著高于维度间相关系数。结论 小学高年级、初中和高中3个版本问卷信效度较好，维度设计合理，可用于对应学段学生营养健康知识调查和研究中，小学低年级版问卷则需进一步完善。

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and validate the nutrition knowledge questionnaire for Chinese school-aged children.METHODS In September 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select one primary school, one junior high school, and one senior high school respectively in Suqian City's Sucheng District of Jiangsu Province and Dayi County of Chengdu City in Sichuan Province for a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire's reliability(Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability) and validity(face validity, structural validity) were evaluated using quantitative method.RESULTS A total of 1017 participants took part in the survey, including 251 lower-grade primary school students(grades 1-3), 249 upper-grade primary school students(grade 4 and above), 262 junior high school students, and 255 senior high school students. Among them, 480(47.2%) were from urban areas, 473(46.5%) were male, and the mean age was(11.9±3.6) years. The Cronbach's α coefficients for the four versions of the questionnaire were 0.54, 0.76, 0.79 and 0.79, respectively. The Guttman split-half coefficients were 0.58, 0.63, 0.66 and 0.72, respectively. Validity analysis indicated that the investigators and teachers generally approved of the questionnaire design. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the chi-square/degrees of freedom(χ²/df) ranged from 1.49 to 1.66, the root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA) ranged from 0.04 to 0.05, and the goodness-of-fit index(GFI) ranged from 0.88 to 0.92. The correlations between each dimension and the total score were significantly higher than the correlations between the dimensions themselves.CONCLUSION The lower primary school version of the questionnaire requires further refinement. In contrast, the versions for upper primary, junior high, and senior high school demonstrate satisfactory validity and reliability with well-structured dimensions, making them appropriate for assessing nutrition knowledge and supporting related research among students in the corresponding educational stages.