卫生研究

目的 分析2016—2017年中国12～17岁儿童青少年膳食微量营养素摄入状况。方法 数据来源于2016—2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测，采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法，在全国31个省抽取275个监测点开展营养健康监测。膳食调查采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法收集食物摄入信息，采用食物秤称重记录家庭或学校食堂连续3天食用油和调味品的摄入量，依据中国食物成分表计算微量营养素的摄入量。结果 2016—2017年中国12～17岁儿童青少年膳食维生素A (视黄醇活性当量)、维生素B₁、维生素B₂、维生素C、钙、铁、锌、钠的日均摄入量分别为356.8μg、0.8 mg、0.8 mg、60.5 mg、342.8 mg、19.2 mg、9.8 mg和5230.4 mg,膳食维生素A、维生素B₁、维生素B₂、维生素C、钙的日均摄入量低于推荐值60%的比例分别为74.3%、59.4%、57.7%、62.6%和93.0%,铁和锌的日均摄入量达到推荐值80%的比例分别为73.8%和64.8%,钠的日均摄入量超过了适宜摄入量的比例达到94.4%。12～17岁儿童青少年膳食微量营养素的日均摄入量均随年龄的增长而增加，维生素A的日均摄入量在性别、城乡方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),维生素C的日均摄入量在城乡方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),维生素B₁、维生素B₂、钙、铁、锌的日均摄入量在年龄、性别和城乡方面的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),钠的日均摄入量在年龄、性别方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论2016—2017年中国12～17岁儿童青少年大多数膳食铁和锌摄入量基本满足，钠的摄入量偏高，部分微量营养素的摄入量不足。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the status of dietary micronutrient in takes among the children of 12-17 years old in China from 2016 to 2017.METHODSMultistage stratified random sampling method was used to collect data in 275 monitoring sites of the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Chinese children and lactating mothers in 31 provinces of China from 2016 to 2017.Three consecutive 24-hour recalls method wasused to collect the information of food intake, and household or school canteen edible oil and condiments weighing were adopted. The dietary micronutrient were analyzed based on theChina Food Composition table.RESULTS The average daily intakes of vitamin A(retinol activity equivalents), vitamin B₁(thiamine),vitamin B₂(riboflavin), vitamin C(ascorbic acid),calcium, iron, zinc and sodium were 356.8 μ g, 0.8 mg, 0.8 mg, 60.5 mg, 342.8 mg, 19.2 mg, 9.8 mg and 5 230.4 mg, respectively.The proportion ofdaily average intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, vitamin C and calcium lower than 60% of the recommended value were 74.3%, 59.4%, 57.7%, 62.6% and 93.0%, respectively.The proportion of daily intake of iron and zinc reaching 80% of the recommended value were 73.8% and 64.8%, respectively.The proportion of daily average intake of sodium exceeded the appropriate intake by 94.4%.The average daily intakes of micronutrients increased with age among the children of 12-17 years old.There were differences of daily intake of vitamin A in gender, urban and rural areas(P<0.05),there was difference of vitamin C in urban and rural areas(P<0.01), there were differences of daily intake of vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, calcium, iron and zinc in age, gender, urban and rural areas(P<0.01),there were differences in the average daily intake of sodium in age, gender(P<0.01).CONCLUSION The average daily dietary of iron and zinc intakes in the diet were basically enough in most children of 12-17 years old in China, that of sodium was too much, and that of some micronutrients was insufficient.