卫生研究

目的为了解建立于居民小区中的移动通信基站对居民生活环境产生的微波辐射污染现状。方法随机抽取长沙市内18个建有通信基站的居民小区和10个未建通信基站的居民小区,用TES-92电磁辐射监测仪对小区居民生活内外环境中的微波辐射强度进行了测量。结果暴露小区微波辐射强度明显高于对照小区(p<0.05);通信基站周围微波辐射强度在距基站10m左右出现一最高值,此后才随距离的增加而逐渐减弱;天线主瓣方向区域微波辐射不一定较高,付瓣方向区域微波辐射也不一定较低;同时存在两个通信基站时,两者所产生的电磁辐射在某一区域范围可产生电磁场叠加现象,使辐射强度增加;居民居室暴露窗口外的电磁辐射强度不但随距离变化,还随着楼层高度而有所增强;铝合金防盗网内的电磁辐射强度要明显低于网外的电磁辐射强度(p<0.05);玻璃窗内、外电磁辐射强度几乎没有变化(p>0.05)。结论虽然通信基站周围地面微波辐射功率密度均在《环境电磁波卫生标准》(GB9175-88)的一级标准内,但仍有少部分居室暴露窗外微波辐射功率密度偏高,甚至个别居室窗内、外微波辐射功率密度远远超出一级安全范围。在监测中进一步证实居室安装铝合金防盗网具有良好的微波电磁场屏蔽作用。

Objective To investigate the condition of microwave radiation pollution from mobile phone base station built in populated area.Methods Random selected 18 residential districts where had base station and 10 residential districts where had no base stations.A TES-92 electromagnetic radiation monitor were used to measure the intensity of microwave radiation in external and internal living environment.Results The intensities of microwave radiation in the exposure residential districts were more higher than those of the control residential districts(p<0.05);There was a intensity peak at about 10m from the station,it would gradually weakened with the increase of the distance.The level of microwave radiation in antenna main lobe region is not certainly more higher than the side lobe direction,and the side lobe direction also is not more lower.At the same district,where there were two base stations,the electromagnetic field nestification would take place in someplace.The intensities of microwave radiation outside the exposure windows in the resident room not only changed with distance but also with the height of the floor.The intensities of microwave radiation inside the aluminum alloys security net were more lower than those of outside the aluminum alloys security net(p<0.05),but the inside or outside of glass-window appears almost no change(p>0.05).Conclusions Although all the measure dates on the ground around the base station could be below the primary standard in "environment electromagnetic wave hygienic standard"(GB9175-88),there were still a minorities of windows which exposed to the base station were higher,and the outside or inside of a few window was even higher beyond the primary safe level defined standard.The aluminum alloys security net can partly shield the microwave radiation from the mobile phone base station.