卫生研究

目的 编制我国制造业工人职业紧张源量表并检验其效度和信度。方法 通过查阅文献梳理职业紧张相关理论与测量工具，结合访谈与专家评定，初步构建初始量表。于2023年从8个制造细分行业，采用分层目标抽样方法2批次抽取651名工人。样本1(n=218)进行初始量表的预测试并形成正式量表，样本2(n=433)用于信度和效度分析，抽取其中37人进行重测信度检验。选取付出与回报失衡量表(the effort-reward imbalance, ERI)和工作内容量表(job content questionnaire, JCQ)同时作为校标工具。结果 量表包含33个条目，分为付出与回报、要求与能力、组织氛围和工作环境四个维度，分别包含8、8、8和9个条目，整体模型拟合度良好(χ²/df=2.713,CFI=0.905,IFI=0.905,RMSEA=0.063),各因子载荷在0.45～0.96。将正式量表得分与校标量表进行相关性分析，两量表总分呈正相关(r=0.758,P<0.01)。内部一致性检验数据显示，量表的Cronbach’s α系数为0.960,各维度的Cronbach’s α系数介于0.894～0.934。量表重测信度为0.833,各维度重测信度介于0.623～0.788。结论 制造业工人职业紧张源量表具有可接受的信度和效度，可探索性应用于我国制造业工人群体职业紧张的测量。

OBJECTIVE To develop a scale of occupational stressors for Chinese manufacturing workers and test its validity and reliability.METHODS Relevant theories and measurement tools of occupational stress were reviewed, and an initial scale was preliminarily constructed by combining interviews and expert evaluation. In 2023, a total of 651 manufacturing workers were selected from 8 manufacturing factories in two batches using the stratified targeted sampling. Sample 1(n=218) was used for the pre-test of the initial scale to form the formal scale, and Sample 2(n=433) was used for reliability and validity analysis, among which 37 participants were selected for retest reliability examinations. Descriptive statistics, item analysis, and exploratory factor analysis were conducted on the sample data, and the internal consistency reliability, criterion-related validity, and retest reliability of the data were tested. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the data from the formal test sample. Two scales, the effort-reward imbalance(ERI) and job content questionnaire(JCQ), are used as a criterion scale to test criterion validity. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the reliability and validity of the scale.RESULTS The scale contains 33 items, which are divided into four dimensions: efforts-rewards, demand-ability, organizational climate and working environment, with 8, 8, 8 and 9 items respectively. The overall model had good fitness(χ²/df=2.713, CFI=0.905, IFI=0.905, RMSEA=0.063), with each factor loading rangeing from 0.45 to 0.96. The correlation analysis between the scores of the formal scale and the criterion scale showed that the total scores of the two scales were positively correlated(r=0.758, P<0.01). The internal consistency analysis showed that the Cronbach's α=0.960 for the whole scale, and each dimension's Cronbach's α ranged from 0.894 to 0.934. The retest reliability of the scale was 0.833, and the retest reliability of each dimension ranged from 0.623 to 0.788.CONCLUSION The occupational stressor scale for manufacturing workers has acceptable reliability and validity and can be tentatively applied to evaluate the occupational stress in Chinese manufacturing worker populations.