卫生研究

目的 分析1982—2015年中国成年居民血压分布和高血压患病率变化趋势。方法 数据来源于1982年全国营养调查、1992年全国营养调查、2002年中国居民营养与健康状况监测、2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测和2015年中国居民营养与健康状况监测5轮横断面数据，研究对象为18岁及以上成年居民，判定收缩压≥140 mmHg和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg,或近两周内服用降压药物为高血压，计算各轮研究对象高血压患病率。结果 1982—2015年各轮调查总人数分别为26 718人、7793人、140 404人、117 391人和172 989人。对于中国成年居民收缩压和舒张压来说，变化的主要特征是曲线向右移动、分布范围变宽，收缩压比舒张压向右移动幅度更大、分布范围变化更宽。在第5、50和95百分位曲线上，男性和女性的收缩压随年龄升高而增加，且40～60岁增长速率最快；舒张压随年龄先升高后下降。所有性别和年龄组的较高百分位数都有更多的增长；对于每一条百分位数曲线，男性的增长幅度均大于女性。1982—2015年中国成年居民高血压患病率呈上升趋势，从1982年的9.6%上升到2015年的28.6%。男性和女性的高血压患病率均呈上升趋势，男性从1982年的10.9%升高至2015年的31.3%,女性从1982年的8.2%升高至2015年的25.9%,并且在各轮监测中男性患病率均高于女性。各年龄组高血压患病率呈上升趋势，18～44岁组的患病率从1982年的5.7%升高至2015年的14.2%,45～64岁组的患病率从1982年的14.8%升至2015年的42.4%,≥65岁组的患病率从1982年的25.1%升至2015年的66.0%,并且高血压患病率随着年龄增高而增加。城市和农村的高血压患病率均呈上升趋势，城市高血压患病率从1982年的10.5%升高至2015年的26.3%,农村高血压患病率从1982年的9.0%升高至2015年的31.1%,从2015年开始，农村高血压患病率反超城市。体重正常人群和超重/肥胖人群的高血压患病率均呈上升趋势，体重正常人群高血压患病率从1982年的8.6%升高至2015年的19.7%,超重/肥胖人群高血压患病率从1982年的16.6%升高至2015年的38.8%,并且在每轮监测中超重/肥胖人群的高血压患病率均高于体重正常人群。结论 1982—2015年中国成年居民高血压患病率呈上升趋势，高血压患病率随年龄的增长而增加，男性高于女性，从2015年开始，农村居民患病率反超城市居民，超重和肥胖人群患病率高于体重正常人群。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the trend of blood pressure distribution and hypertension prevalence among adult residents in China from 1982 to 2015.METHODS The data was sourced from six rounds of cross-sectional data: the 1982 National Nutrition Survey, the 1992 National Nutrition Survey, the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance, the 2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance, and the 2015 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance. The study subjects were adult residents aged 18 years and above. Systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥90 mmHg, or those who had taken anti-hypertensive drugs in the past two weeks were defined as hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was calculated for each round of study subjects.RESULTS The total number of people surveyed in each round from 1982 to 2015 were 26 718, 7793, 140 404, 117 391 and 172 989, respectively. For adult Chinese residents, the main characteristic of changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure is a rightward shift in the curve and a wider distribution range. The systolic blood pressure moves more to the right than the diastolic blood pressure, and the distribution range changes more widely. On the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile curves, systolic blood pressure increases with age for both males and females, with the fastest growth rate observed between the ages of 40 and 60. Diastolic blood pressure first increases and then decreases with age. The higher percentiles of all genders and age groups show more growth. For each percentile curve, the growth rate of males is greater than that of females. The prevalence of hypertension among adult residents in China has been on the rise from 9.6% in 1982 to 28.6% in 2015. The prevalence of hypertension in both males and females is on the rise, with males increasing from 10.9% in 1982 to 31.3% in 2015, and females increasing from 8.2% in 1982 to 25.9% in 2015. In all rounds of monitoring, the prevalence of hypertension in males is higher than that in females. The prevalence of hypertension in various age groups is on the rise. The prevalence of hypertension in the 18-44 age group increased from 5.7% in 1982 to 14.2% in 2015 the prevalence of hypertension in the 45-64 age group increased from 14.8% in 1982 to 42.4% in 2015, and the prevalence of hypertension in the 65-year-old group increased from 25.1% in 1982 to 66.0% in 2015. Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension increases with age. The prevalence of hypertension in both urban and rural areas is on the rise. The prevalence of hypertension in urban areas has increased from 10.5% in 1982 to 26.3% in 2015, while in rural areas it has increased from 9.0% in 1982 to 31.3% in 2015. Starting from 2015, the prevalence of hypertension in rural areas has surpassed that in urban areas. The prevalence of hypertension in both the normal and overweight/obese populations is on the rise. The prevalence of hypertension in the normal population increased from 8.6% in 1982 to 19.7% in 2015, while the prevalence of hypertension in the overweight/obese population increased from 16.6% in 1982 to 38.8% in 2015. Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension in the overweight/obese population was higher than that in the normal population in each round of monitoring.CONCLUSION The prevalence of hypertension among adult residents in China has been on the rise from 1982 to 2015. The prevalence of hypertension increases with age and is higher in males than in females. Starting from 2015, the prevalence of hypertension among rural residents has surpassed that of urban residents, and the prevalence of hypertension among overweight and obese individuals is higher than that of the normal population.