卫生研究

目的 分析1989—2018年中国18～35岁青年人膳食模式变迁状况。方法 利用“中国健康与营养调查”数据，选择中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)1989—2018年18～35岁具有完整膳食和社会人口学信息的25 400名青年人作为研究对象。采用连续3天24小时回顾法结合称重记账法开展膳食调查。根据食物成分表，计算能量及各类营养素摄入量。采用斜交主成分聚类分析筛选食物组、K-均值聚类法提取膳食模式；运用Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner法检验不同膳食模式中食物摄入量差异，Cochran-Armitage趋势检验法分析膳食模式年份变化，卡方检验分析2018年不同膳食模式人群构成差异性。结果 中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18～35岁青年人膳食模式主要分为“传统米食”、“传统面食”、“优质蛋白”三类。2018年，男性“传统米食”膳食模式比例高于女性，“优质蛋白”膳食模式比例低于女性；25～35岁青年人“传统面食”膳食模式比例高于18～24岁，“优质蛋白”膳食模式比例低于18～24岁；城市“传统米食”膳食模式人群比例低于农村，“优质蛋白”膳食模式高于农村；北方以“传统面食”膳食模式为主，南方以“传统米食”膳食模式为主，且北方“优质蛋白”膳食模式人群比例相较南方较高；随文化程度和收入水平提高，“优质蛋白”膳食模式人群比例呈增长趋势。1989—2018年“传统米食”膳食模式始终保持较高比例，2009年起“传统面食”膳食模式不断减少，2011年起“优质蛋白”膳食模式比例大幅增加。结论 1989—2018年中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18～35岁青年人膳食模式较为合理的人群比例有所提高，但传统膳食模式仍需改善。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the dietary patterns changes of young people aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) from 1989 to 2018.METHODS Using the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey, a total of 25 400 young people aged 18-35 with complete dietary and sociodemographic information from 1989 to 2018 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) were selected as the research objects. Nutrition survey was carried out by using 3 consecutive days of 24-hour review method combined with weighing accounting method. Energy and nutrient intake was calculated based on food composition list. The principal component cluster analysis was used to select food groups and K-mean cluster was uesd to extract dietary patterns. Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner was used to test the difference of food intake in different dietary patterns. Cochran-Armitage trend test was to analyze the change of dietary patterns with the years. Chi-square test was to analyze the difference of people with different dietary patterns in 2018.RESULTS The dietary patterns of young people aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) were mainly divided into three categories: “traditional rice”, “traditional pasta” and “high-quality protein”. In 2018, the proportion of “traditional rice” dietary patterns was higher for men than for women, and the proportion of “high-quality protein” dietary patterns was lower than for women. The proportion of “traditional pasta” dietary pattern in people aged 25-35 was higher than that aged 18-24, and the proportion of “high-quality protein” dietary pattern was lower than that aged 18-24. The proportion of people in urban with “traditional rice” dietary pattern was lower than that in rural areas, and the proportion of “high-quality protein” dietary pattern was higher than that in rural areas. The northern region was dominated by “traditional pasta” dietary pattern, while the southern region was dominated by “traditional rice” dietary pattern, and the proportion of people with “high-quality protein” dietary pattern was higher in the northern region than in the southern region. With the increase of education level and income level, the proportion of people with “high-quality protein” dietary pattern showed an increasing trend. From 1989 to 2018, the “traditional rice” dietary pattern had always maintained a high proportion among young people aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) in China, and the “traditional pasta” dietary pattern had been decreasing since 2009, and the “high-quality protein” dietary pattern had significantly increased since 2011.CONCLUSION From 1989 to 2018, the proportion of young people aged 18-35 with reasonable dietary pattern has increased in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities), but the traditional dietary pattern still needs to be improved.