卫生研究

目的 分析2019—2021年中国不同地区6～17岁儿童主要食物摄入量。方法 数据来源于科技部基础资源调查专项—“中国0～18岁儿童营养与健康系统调查与应用”项目，采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法，在华东、华北、华中、华南、西南、西北和东北7个区域各随机抽取2个省(自治区、直辖市),每个省各抽取1个城市(区)、1个农村(县)调查点，全国共抽取28个调查点，6413名6～17岁儿童为研究对象。膳食调查采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法并结合称重法收集食物摄入信息，参照食物成分表标准版中的食物分类划分为粮谷类、薯类、新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、畜禽肉、蛋类、奶类和鱼虾类，计算不同地区6～8岁、9～11岁、12～14岁、15～17岁男生和女生的各类食物平均每日摄入量。结果 同性别同年龄段的城市与农村儿童的食物日均摄入量相比较，9～17岁男生粮谷类和薯类、9～17岁女生粮谷类、12～17岁女生薯类以及15～17岁食用鱼虾类男生的日均摄入量均为农村高于城市，新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、畜禽肉、蛋类和奶类同性别同年段的儿童食物日均摄入量和食用率有统计学差异的均是城市高于农村(P<0.05)。同性别同年龄段的南方与北方儿童的食物日均摄入量相比较，9～14岁男生粮谷类和蛋类、6～8岁女生粮谷类以及6～17岁食用新鲜水果男生女生的日均摄入量是北方高于南方，薯类、新鲜蔬菜、畜禽肉、奶类和鱼虾类同性别同年段的儿童食物日均摄入量和食用率有统计学差异的均是南方高于北方(P<0.05)。同性别同年龄段的东部、中部和西部儿童的食物日均摄入量相比较，6～14岁男生粮谷类、6～17岁女生粮谷类以及6～17岁食用新鲜水果的男生女生、15～17岁食用鱼虾类男生女生的日均摄入量是东部低于中西部；9～11岁和15～17岁男生以及9～17岁女生薯类的日均摄入量是西部高于东中部；12～17岁男生女生蛋类的日均摄入量是西部低于东中部；新鲜蔬菜、畜禽肉和奶类同性别同年段的儿童食物日均摄入量和食用率有统计学差异的均是东部高于中西部(P<0.05)。杂粮占粮谷类比例较低(3.7%～10.1%)。猪肉占畜禽肉比例较高(56.1%～71.4%)。结论2019—2021年中国6～17岁儿童主要食物日均摄入量在城市与农村、南方与北方、东部、中部与西部的之间差异有统计学意义。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the intakes of main food among the children of 6-17 years in different regions of China from 2019 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluation and guiding Chinese children to make reasonable diet.METHODS Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to collect data in east China, north China, central China, south China, southwest, northwest and northeast seven areas of each random two provinces, randomly selected from each province one urban survey site and one rural survey site, 28 sites of the 13th Five Year National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Project-Chinese children aged 0-18 investigation and application of nutrition and health system in 14 provinces of China. The study included 6413 children aged 6 to 17.Three consecutive 24-hour recalls method combined with weighing were used to collect the information of food intake.According to the food classification in the standard version of the food composition list, the food was divided into cereals, tubers, fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, meat and poultry, fish and shrimp, eggs, milk, etc., and the intake of various foods was calculated for boys and girls aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14 and 15-17 in different regions.RESULTS Compared with the average daily food intake of children of the same sex and age in the urban and rural, The average daily intake of cereals and tubers for boys aged 9-17, cereals for girls aged 9-17, tubers for girls aged 12-17, and fish and shrimp for boys of edible population aged 15-17 were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. There were differences in the average daily food intake and consumption rate of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, meat and poultry, eggs and milk of the same sex and age, which were higher in urban than in rural areas(P<0.05).Compared with the average daily food intake of children of the same sex and age in the south and the north, the average daily intake of cereals and eggs for boys aged 9-14, cereals for girls aged 6-8,and fresh fruits for boys and girls of edible population aged 6-17 were higher in the north than in the south. There were differences in average daily intake and consumption rates of tubers, fresh vegetables, meat and poultry, milk and fish and shrimp of the same sex and age, which were higher in the south than in the north(P<0.05).Compared with the average daily food intake of children of the same sex and age in the eastern, central and western regions, the average daily intake of cereals for boys aged 6-14, cereals for girls aged 6-17, fresh fruits for boys and girls of edible population aged 6-17, and fish and shrimp for boys and girls of edible population aged 15-17 were lower in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. The average daily intake of tubers for boys aged 9-11 and 15-17, for girls aged 9-17 were higher in the western regions than the eastern and central regions. The average daily intake of eggs for boys and girls aged 12-17 was lower in western regions than the eastern and central regions. There were differences in average daily intake and consumption rates of fresh vegetables, meat and poultry and milk of the same sex and age, which were higher in the eastern region than in the central and western regions.(P<0.05).The proportion of coarse grains to cereals was low, between 3.7% and 10.1%. The proportion of pork to meat and poultry was high, between 56.1% and 71.4%.CONCLUSION In China, there are differences in daily intake of main food for children aged 6 to 17 years old in urban and rural areas, north and south areas, east, central and west areas.