卫生研究

目的　旨在监测中国食源性致病菌及其耐药性。方法　中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所建立的全国食品污染物监测网的食源性致病菌监测部分 ,2 0 0 1年在全国 11个省市设点采样并检测了七大类 (生肉、熟肉、生奶、冰激淋、酸奶、水产品和蔬菜 )共 4 0 34份样品。结果　沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O15 7∶H7和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 ,总阳性率 5 5 0 %。其中沙门氏菌 3 32 % ,单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 1 2 9% ,大肠杆菌O15 7∶H70 82 %。生肉的污染情况最为严重 ,阳性率 12 96 %。共分离出沙门氏菌 137株 ,德比沙门氏菌、阿贡纳沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、里定沙门氏菌、鸭沙门氏菌、明斯特沙门氏菌及鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 7种血清型占 80 %。结论　沙门氏菌的血清型分布和耐药性各个省不同。自生、熟肉中分离到O15 7∶H7的强毒株。对分离的沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌检测了 14种抗生素的耐药性 ,结果表明沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌中都有多重耐药株。

Objective To survey food borne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in China.Methods A total of 4034 samples of foods (raw meats, raw milk, cooked meats, ice cream, yoghurt, aquatic product and vegetable) were examined for the presence of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 Salmonella spp and Listeria monocytogens by national active foodborne pathogens surveillance system. The samples were obtained from 11 provinces in 2001.Results Approximate 5.50% of the all samples yielded 3 pathogenes, whereas Escherichia coli O157∶H7 (0.82%), Salmonella servoars (3.32%) and Listeria monocytogens (1.29%). The most heavy contamination by three food borne pathogens are in raw meat(12.96%). Top seven serotype of the 137 Salmonella isolates are S.derby, S.agona,S.enteritidis, S.reading, S.anatum. S.muenster, S.typhimurium. Conclusion Serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates are different in 11 provinces. E.coli O157∶H7 strains that are isolated from raw meat and cooked meat have VT2,eae,Hly genes. Salmonella and E.coli strains of multidrug resistance were isolated and identified.