卫生研究

目的探讨陕西汉中农村居民的膳食结构特点及营养素摄入状况。方法采用半定量食物频率问卷于2010年对汉中市18～80岁农村常住居民的膳食进行横断面调查。结果共调查2958人,调查对象平均年龄50.0岁;平均受教育年限为6.8年。因子分析提取4个主要因子,反映4种膳食结构类型,分别定义为均衡模式、素食模式、饮酒模式和节俭模式。各类食物中,调查人群谷类、豆类、油脂类和食盐的平均每标准人日摄入量均高于2002年中国农村居民的平均水平(P<0.05),并且除豆类外,均高于推荐摄入量;动物性食物、蛋奶类和新鲜水果则显著低于全国平均水平(P<0.01)。各类营养素中,调查人群的能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌等每标准人日平均摄入量显著低于全国农村平均水平(P<0.01);脂肪、钙和部分维生素则显著高于全国水平(P<0.01)。仅脂肪、维生素C和E、钠、铁和锰达到或超过膳食营养素参考摄入量(RNI)(88.8%～315.3%),其他营养素均未达到RNI标准。近51%的能量来自谷类,动物性食物只提供了7.1%的能量和11.4%的蛋白质,均低于全国农村平均水平;58.9%的铁来自谷类。结论汉中农村居民的膳食中虽然包含了中国膳食指南推荐的主要食物种类,但食物摄入量并不理想。

Objective To explore the dietary pattern and intake of nutrients of rural residents in Hanzhong of Shaanxi Province.Methods A cross-sectional survey on dietary pattern together with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was conducted among rural residents aged from18 to 80 in Hanzhong of Shaanxi in 2010.Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns based on food frequency.Results 2958 rural residents were investigated with the average age as 50.0 years old and the average schooling-years were 6.8.Four main factors were derived through factors analysis,which were named as diversity pattern,vegetarian diet,alcohol pattern and economical pattern.Among all kinds of food under analysis,the daily intakes of grains,beans,oil,and salt of the residents were higher than average level of China's rural residents(P<0.05) and higher than the daily reference intake except beans;meanwhile,animal food,dairy products,egg and fruits were lower(P<0.01).Among all kinds of nutrients,the daily intakes of energy,protein,carbohydrate,K,Na,Mg,Fe and Zn were lower than average level of China's rural residents(P<0.01),Ca,fat and some Vitamins were higher.And only some nutrients such as fat,Vitamin E,Vitamin C,Na,Fe and Mn reached or exceeded the RNI/AI(88.8%-315.3%).Grains provided 50% of energy.7.1% of energy and 11.4% of protein were from animal foods,which were lower the average level of China's rural residents.58.9% of Fe was provided by grains.Conclusion Diet of rural residents in Hanzhong included the main food recommended by Chinese Dietary Guidelines,but the quantity of food was not balanced.Two aspects including under-nutrition and over-nutrition,should be considered to improve the nutrition condition,furthermore the elder women should ask for more attention.