卫生研究

目的描述2015年中国15省(自治区、直辖市) 18～65岁居民体脂率(body fat percentage,BF%)和体脂肪量的地区和人群分布特征,探讨体脂率与体质指数(body mass index,BMI)的关系。方法本研究利用2015年"中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究"项目中有完整体格测量及相关人口经济学调查资料的10 561名18～65岁成年人数据进行分析。采用生物电阻抗法测量调查对象体脂率和体重,分析不同性别成年人体脂率和体脂肪量在年龄、教育水平、家庭人均收入、地区和城乡之间分布的差异,并根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)推荐的体脂率的肥胖判定标准判断人群肥胖率。结果 2015年中国15省(自治区、直辖市) 18～65岁成年女性体脂率、体脂肪量分别为33.6%、19.5 kg,成年男性分别为23.0%、15.7 kg。体脂率、体脂肪量均呈现北方地区高于南方,差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。男性不同年龄、教育水平、家庭年人均收入水平、地域及城乡人群的体脂率和体脂肪量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。女性不同年龄、教育水平、地域的体脂率和体脂肪量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.0001),城乡和家庭收入水平差异没有统计学意义。按照WHO推荐的体脂率的肥胖判定标准,女性肥胖率42.0%,随年龄增长不断上升,60～65岁女性肥胖率高达52.4%。男性肥胖率37.1%,随着年龄增长呈上升趋势,但在60～65岁组下降。北方地区男女性肥胖率分别41.9%、45.6%,明显高于南方地区的34.3%、39.9%。BMI与BF%密切相关,但在超重人群中,体脂率达到肥胖水平的人超过50%。结论 2015年中国15省(自治区、直辖市)不同性别成年人体脂率和体脂肪量存在明显的地区和人群差异,北方人群的肥胖率明显高于南方。

OBJECTIVE To describe the regional and population-related differences in body fat percentage(BF%) and fat quality among 18-65 years old adults in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) of China in 2015, and analyze the relationship between body fat percentage and body mass index(BMI). METHODSA total of 10 561 adults aged 18-65 years old who have complete physical measurements and relevant demographic economic data from the 2015 China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study were included. Body fat percentage and weight were measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body fat percentage and fat quality of different genders were described among different age groups, education levels, incomes, regions, urban and rural areas. And the obesity prevalence defined by body fat percentage(recommended by WHO) was described. RESULTS In 2015, the body fat percentage and fat quality of adult women aged 18-65 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)were 33.6% and 19.5 kg, respectively, and adult males were 23.0% and 15.7 kg. Body fat percentage and fat quality were higher in the North than in the South(P<0.0001). There were statistical differences in body fat percentage and fat quality among men of different ages, educational levels, incomes, regions and urban and rural populations(P<0.0001). There were differences in body fat percentage and fat quality among women of different ages, educational levels, regions(P<0.0001), and no differences in incomes and urban and rural areas. According to the body fat percentage(recommended by WHO), the prevalence of obesity of women was 42.0% increasing by age, and the prevalence of obesity of women aged 60-65 was as high as 52.4%. The prevalence of obesity of men was 37.1%, which increased with age, but decreased in the 60-65 age group. The prevalence of obesity of males and females in northern regions was 41.9% and 45.6%, respectively, which was significantly higher than in the southern regions(34.3% and 39.9%). BMI was closely related to BF%, but in overweight people, more than 50% of people defined by body fat percentages reached obesity. CONCLUSION In 2015, there were significant regional and population differences in body fat percentage and fat quality among adults of different genders in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities), and the prevalence of obesity in the North was significantly higher than that in the South.