卫生研究

目的了解宁波市海产品中17种海洋生物毒素的污染状况。方法应用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测海产品中17种海洋生物毒素污染水平,采用点评估模型进行人群膳食暴露评估。结果河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin, TTX)、麻痹性和腹泻性贝类毒素都有检出。其中河豚毒素、膝沟藻毒素5 (gonyautoxin5, GTX5)及homo-虾夷扇贝毒素(homo-yessotoxin, hYTX)的检出率分别为27%、52%及12%。TTX、GTX5及hYTX的含量分别为0.003～0.535、0.008～0.189和0.032～0.110 mg/kg。其他毒素如腹泻性毒素大田软海绵酸(okadaic acid, OA)、鳍藻毒素-1(dinophysistoxin1,DTX1);麻痹性毒素如脱氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素2 (decarbamoyl gonyautoxin2,dcGTX2)、脱氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素3 (decarbamoyl gonyautoxin3,dcGTX3)只有少量检出。TTX、GTX5、hYTX、dcGTX2、dcGTX3的暴露风险指数(expose risk index, ERI)分别为2.5、0.026、0.0080、0.79和0.32。结论海洋生物毒素的膳食暴露风险较低。在有毒赤潮发生的季节,毒性较大的麻痹性贝类毒素dcGTX2、dcGTX3检出率明显上升,对人体健康风险较大。2019年常规监测中河豚毒素的急性膳食暴露风险大。

OBJECTIVE Ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of contamination degree of biotoxins in seafood in Ningbo City from 2017 to 2019 and the assessment of dietary exposure was conducted. METHODS Samples were extracted and purified with optimized pretreatment process and then injected for analysis. According to the result of the measurements, an international point estimate model was used to evaluate the dietary exposure of the population. RESULTS For tetrodotoxin and 16 shellfish toxins monitored routinely, gonyautoxin5(GTX5), tetrodotoxin and homo-yessotoxin(hYTX) had higher detection rate, other toxins including okadaic acid(OA), dinophysistoxin1(DTX1), decarbamoyl gonyautoxin2(dcGTX2) and decarbamoyl gonyautoxin3(dcGTX3) were detected sporadically. The detection rates of TTX、GTX and hYTX were 27%,52% and 12%, respectively. The concentration ranges of TTX,GTX and hYTX in polluted samples were 0.003-0.535,0.008-0.189 and 0.032-0.110 mg/kg. The exposure risk indices(ERI) of TTX, GTX5, hYTX, dcGTX2 and dcGTX3 were 2.5,0.026,0.0080,0.79 and 0.32, respectively. CONCLUSION Marine biotoxins have a lower dietary health risk to the population. It is must be given great attention that in the season of toxic red tide, the detection rates of higher toxic toxins, dcGTX2 and dcGTX3 increased significantly with high risks to human. Moreover, the dietary health risk of tetrodotoxin in routine surveillance in 2019 was higher.