卫生研究

目的了解2016—2017年中国6～11岁人群能量和宏量营养素的摄入情况。方法数据来自2016—2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在全国31个省份抽取275个监测点开展调查。膳食调查采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法,依据《中国食物成分表》计算能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入量,依据《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》对蛋白质的摄入量进行评价。结果本次调查共纳入6～11岁儿童8777名,年龄(9.2±1.6)岁,其中男童4364名,女童4413名。调查对象总体的能量摄入量为1591.7 kcal,其中男童为1624.1 kcal,女童为1559.7 kcal。城市儿童的能量摄入量高于农村。东部地区的能量摄入量最高,中部最低。总体的蛋白质摄入量为50.0 g,其中男童为50.9 g,女童为49.1 g。城市儿童蛋白质摄入量高于农村。东部地区的蛋白质摄入量高于中部和西部地区。蛋白质的摄入量总体满足推荐摄入量(RNI)的率为52.4%,其中城市满足率为63.0%,农村满足率为42.9%。总体脂肪摄入量为69.6 g,其中男童为71.4 g,女童为67.8 g。城市的脂肪摄入量高于农村,但西部农村地区高于东部农村地区。碳水化合物的摄入量总体为196.3 g,其中男童199.5 g,女童193.2 g。城市碳水化合物摄入量高于农村,西部地区高于东部地区,但是农村的碳水化合物摄入量是西部高于东部。结论与2010—2013年相比,2016—2017年中国6～11岁儿童能量和宏量营养素的摄入情况发生明显变化。农村儿童的蛋白质不足问题依然存在。脂肪摄入量增长幅度较大且西部地区更为显著。

OBJECTIVE To survey the intakes of energy and macronutrients in 6-11 years old age group in 2016-2017 in China. METHODS Multi-stage cluster randomization sampling method was used to collect the data from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016-2017 in 257 surveillance sites of 31 provinces. 24-h dietary recalls for three consecutive days were used to obtain the dietary information. The intakes of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate were calculated by the China Food Composition, and the intakes of protein were assessing by Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(DRIs). RESULTS A total of 8777 children in 6-11(9.2±1.6) years old group were recruited in this surveillance, the number of boys and girls were 4364 and 4413, respectively. The general intakes of energy were 1591.7 kcal and that of boys and girls were 1624.1 kcal and 1559.7 kcal, respectively. The energy intakes in urban children were higher than rural children. The energy intakes in the east region were the highest and the middle region were the lowest. The general protein intakes were 50.0 g, and that of boys and girls were 50.9 g and 49.1 g, respectively. The intakes of protein in urban children were higher than in rural. The intakes of protein in east region were higher than that in the middle and west regions. The ratios that above RNI of protein intakes were 52.4%, and the ratios of urban and rural were 63.0% and 42.9%, respectively. The general fat intakes were 69.6 g and that of boys and girls were 71.4 g and 67.8 g, respectively. The fat intakes in urban children were higher than in rural, but in the rural of the west the fat intakes were higher than in the urban of the east. The general intakes of carbohydrate were 196.3 g, and that of boys and girls were 199.5 g and 193.2 g, respectively. The carbohydrate intakes in urban children were higher than in rural, and in the west region the intakes of carbohydrate were higher than in the east region. But in the rural populations, the carbohydrate intakes in the west region were higher than that in the east region. CONCLUSION Comparing with 2010-2013, obvious changes of energy and macronutrients intakes in China 6-11 y children were observed in 2016-2017 surveillance. Inadequate intakes of protein were still the problem in rural children populations. The increase of fat intake was larger and more significant in the western region.