卫生研究

目的 分析2002—2016年，中国6～17岁在校儿童青少年业余静态行为模式的变迁。方法 利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查和2016年中国居民营养与健康状况监测的身体活动数据，对在校儿童青少年的业余静态行为时间、纸质材料阅读时长、娱乐性电子屏幕使用时长及其构成变化进行比较分析。结果2002—2016年，中国儿童青少年的每日业余静态活动时间中位数从120.0分钟下降至102.9分钟，平均值从118.0分钟上升至127.1分钟；每天日常纸质阅读时间中位数从30.0分钟减少至20.0分钟，相反，娱乐性电子屏幕使用时间的中位数则由60.0分钟显著增长至77.1分钟。在校儿童青少年电子屏幕使用时间超出推荐标准的比例显著增加，从2002年的44.0%攀升至2016年的59.8%。在娱乐性电子屏幕使用设备方面，2002年电视占据主导地位，占比高达94.2%。到2016年，电视、手机和电脑/平板电脑的使用时间占比分别为47.8%、33.5%和12.0%。各年度儿童青少年看电视的时间比例均表现出随年龄增加而下降的趋势，其他电子产品时间比例随年龄增加而上升，其中15～17岁高中生及农村地区儿童青少年手机使用时间增幅较大。结论 2002—2016年间，中国6～17岁在校儿童青少年业余静态行为模式发生较大变化。高业余静态行为个体的比例增加，娱乐性电子屏幕使用时间呈现出上升趋势，不良电子屏幕使用人群比例较高。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the changes in amateur static behavior patterns of school children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old in China from 2002 to 2016.METHODS Using physical activity data from the 2002 and 2016 Surveys/Surveillance of the Nutrition and Health Status Survey of Chinese Residents, comparative analyses were conducted to analyze the free time for static behaviors, the number of hours of reading on paper, and the number of hours of recreational electronic screen use and their compositional changes among schoolchildren and adolescents.RESULTS From 2002 to 2016, the median daily amateur static activity time of Chinese children and adolescents decreased from 120.0 minutes to 102.9 minutes, while the mean time increased from 118.0 minutes to 127.1 minutes. The median time spent reading paper materials decreased from 30 minutes to 20 minutes. Conversely, the median time spent using recreational electronic screens increased significantly, from 60.0 minutes to 77.1 minutes. The proportion of children and adolescents in educational institutions who exceeded the recommended threshold for electronic screen time exhibited a notable increase, rising from 44.0% in 2002 to 59.8% in 2016. With regard to recreational electronic screen use, television was the dominant device in 2002, accounting for 94.2% of all screen time. By 2016, television, cell phones, and computers/tablet computers accounted for 47.8%, 33.5%, and 12.0%, respectively, of the total time spent on electronic devices. The proportion of time spent watching television by children and adolescents demonstrated a downward trend with age, while the proportion of time spent on other electronic products exhibited an upward trend, with a particularly pronounced increase in the use of cell phones by high school students aged 15-17 and children and adolescents in rural areas.CONCLUSION Between 2002 and 2016, the amateur static behavior patterns of Chinese schoolchildren and adolescents aged 6-17 years underwent large changes. The proportion of individuals with high amateur static behavior increased, recreational electronic screen time use showed an upward trend, and the proportion of people with undesirable electronic screen use was high.