卫生研究

目的分析2010—2012年中国老年人能量及宏量营养素摄入状况。方法利用"中国居民营养与健康状况监测(2010—2012年)"16 612名60岁及以上老年人的连续3天24小时膳食回顾调查和家庭食用油及调味品称重数据,按照2004年和2009年《中国食物成分表》计算老年人每日能量和三大宏量营养素摄入量及供能比,根据2013年中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)对老年人宏量营养素摄入状况进行评价。结果中国老年人能量、碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪摄入量分别为(1840. 9±636. 7) kcal/d、(255. 9±106. 8) g/d、(55. 6±22. 7) g/d和(66. 8±35. 0) g/d,碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪供能比分别为(55. 7%±12. 1%)、(12. 3%±3. 4%)和(32. 5%±11. 7%)。城市老年人能量、碳水化合物摄入量及碳水化合物供能比均低于农村,而蛋白质和脂肪摄入量、蛋白质和脂肪供能比均高于农村。无论城乡、地区和性别,能量及各宏量营养素摄入量均随年龄增长呈下降趋势(P<0. 01)。蛋白质摄入不足率男性和女性分别达57. 0%和53. 8%,脂肪供能比高于30%者分别占56. 7%和56. 8%。60～69岁、70～79岁、80岁及以上老年人的蛋白质摄入不足率分别为51. 0%、61. 2%和68. 6%,脂肪供能比超过30%的比例分别为56. 9%、56. 3%和57. 1%。结论 2010—2012年中国60岁及以上老年人宏量营养素摄入模式不合理,蛋白质摄入水平低,脂肪摄入水平较高。

OBJECTIVE To analyze dietary energy and macronutrients intake among Chinese older adults from 2010 to 2012. METHODS Data was from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. Dietary intake information was collected by three days food recall and weighed record of edible oil and condiments among 16 612 older adults. Daily energy and three macronutrients intake were calculated according to Chinese Food Composition 2004 and 2009 edition,and then evaluated by 2013 Chinese dietary reference intake. RESULTS The daily average energy,carbohydrate,protein and fat intake of Chinese older adults was(1840. 9 ± 636. 7) kcal/d,(255. 9 ± 106. 8) g/d,(55. 6±22. 7) g/d and(66. 8±35. 0) g/d,respectively. The mean proportion of energy supplied from carbohydrate,protein and fat was(55. 7% ± 12. 1%),(12. 3% ± 3. 4%)and(32. 5% ± 11. 7%), respectively. Total energy intake, carbohydrate intake and proportion of energy from carbohydrate among urban elderly were lower than that in rural,whereas protein and fat intake as well as their contribute rate for energy were higher in urban than those in rural. Regardless of urban and rural areas,four regions and genders,there was a decreasing trend of energy and macronutrient intake with the increase of age(P<0. 01). There 57. 0% of male and 53. 8% of female had lower protein intake than the recommended value, while 56. 7% of male and 56. 8% of female had higher fat contribution for energy upper than 30%. The rate of protein intake deficiency among participants aged 60-69 years old,70-79 years old,80 years old and above was 51. 0%,61. 2% and 68. 6% respectively,and the proportion of energy from fat that exceeded 30%was 56. 9%,56. 3% and 57. 1%,respectively. CONCLUSION The daily average macronutrients intake model was unreasonable with higher fat but lower protein among Chinese older adults.