卫生研究

目的评估北京市6～17岁儿童青少年经零食摄入咖啡因的状况。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2016年10月—2017年2月通过自制专项问卷调查获得北京市朝阳区、昌平区和延庆区881名6～17岁儿童青少年(男生432人,女生449人)连续3天24小时含咖啡因零食摄入状况,并通过检索文献资料和实验室检测等获得各类零食中咖啡因含量。基于含咖啡因零食摄入量和零食中咖啡因含量数据库,分析北京市儿童青少年咖啡因的摄入量以及不同类别零食的咖啡因贡献率等;并将摄入量数据与国际上咖啡因每日安全摄入量进行比对,评估其摄入水平。结果北京市6～17岁儿童青少年含咖啡因零食消费者比例为42.45%(374/881);全人群平均每日咖啡因摄入量为9.19 mg,中位数为0,P95为41.38 mg;消费人群平均每日咖啡因摄入量为21.66 mg,中位数为11.03 mg,P95为76.99 mg;考虑体重因素后,有1.60%(6/374)的个体摄入量超过了每日安全摄入量[2.5 mg/(kg·d)],且不同年龄、性别、年级、有无饮茶习惯人群之间咖啡因摄入量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。零食中咖啡因贡献率前三位来源于茶、奶茶及茶饮料类(含固体饮料)的咖啡因为12.13 mg,贡献率达到56.01%;来源于咖啡类的咖啡因为4.35 mg,贡献率为20.09%;来源于可乐及能量饮料类的咖啡因为3.31 mg,贡献率为15.30%;其中6～11岁与12～17岁儿童青少年前三位贡献食品略有不同。结论北京市6～17岁儿童青少年从零食中摄入的咖啡因水平较低,发生过量摄入的风险不大;茶、奶茶及茶饮料类(含固体饮料)是其咖啡因暴露的主要贡献食品。

OBJECTIVE To assess the intake of caffeine from snacks among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing City. METHODS A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to obtain the consumption status of caffeine-containing snacks among 881 school-age children and adolescents in Chaoyang, Changping and Yanqing Districts through a 3 d 24 h continuous questionnaire survey between October 2016 and February 2017, and the caffeine content in snacks was obtained through literature retrieval and laboratory detection.RESULTS The proportion of caffeinated snacks consumers among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing was 42.45%(374/881). The average daily caffeine intake of the whole population was 9.19 mg, with a median of 0 and a P95 of 41.38 mg. The average daily caffeine intake of consumers was 21.66 mg, with a median of 11.03 mg and 76.99 mg of P95. About 1.60%(6/374) of individuals exceeded the daily safe intake level and there were statistically significant differences in caffeine intake between different ages, genders, grades and groups with and without tea drinking habits after weight was taken into account. Among the top three contributors, 12.13 mg of caffeine was derived from tea, milk tea and tea beverages(including solid drinks), with a contribution rate which reached 56.01%, 4.35 mg of caffeine was derived from coffee, with a contribution rate of 20.09%, and 3.31 mg of caffeine was derived from cola and energy drinks, with a contribution rate of 15.30%, and there existed slightly difference of the top three contribution foods among 6-11 and 12-17 years old children and adolescents.CONCLUSION Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing City had low caffeine intake levels from snacks and there was little risk of overconsumption. Tea, milk tea and tea beverages(including solid drinks) was the major contributor to its caffeine exposure.