卫生研究

目的了解青少年忽视度状况并探讨其相关影响因素。方法采取多阶段抽样方法选取嘉兴市和芜湖市7所中学学生作为研究对象,进行现场问卷调查,内容包括一般人口学特征、父母养育方式评价量表和中国城市中学生忽视评价量表等。共发放调查问卷6700份,收回有效问卷6347份,有效率为94.7%。结果 2296名研究对象曾受到过忽视,总忽视率为36.17%。总忽视度评分为50.41±9.70,其中男生(51.77±9.95)明显高于女生(49.07±9.26)、芜湖市(50.80±9.33)高于嘉兴市(49.80±10.21)、非独生子女(51.28±9.36)明显高于独生子女(49.65±9.93)及高年级评分较低年级高,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。芜湖市中学生在身体、情感、教育、安全、医疗5个层面上的忽视度评分高于嘉兴市;男生和非独生子女在身体、情感、教育、安全、医疗及社会6个层面的忽视度评分分别高于女生和独生子女,不同年级在6个层面上的忽视度评分差异也均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,中学生总忽视度与父亲情感温暖理解、母亲拒绝否认、年级、母亲情感温暖理解、父亲惩罚严厉、性别、母亲过分干涉保护、母亲文化程度、父亲偏爱被试、成绩、母亲惩罚严厉、父亲拒绝否认、家庭年收入有关联。结论中学生中存在一定程度的忽视现象,父母采取情感温暖的教养方式可以有效降低忽视的发生,而父亲惩罚严厉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认,母亲过分干涉保护、拒绝否认、惩罚严厉会增加青少年忽视发生的风险。

Objective To understand the current situation of adolescents neglect and its related influencing factors. Methods The survey was conducted by multi-stage sampling among students from seven middle schools in Jiaxing and Wuhu city. The questionnaire included general demographic characteristics,parental rearing patterns scale( EMBU) and Chinese urban middle school students ignore evaluation questionnaire.Results A total of 6700 questionnaires were delivered,and 6347 valid questionnaires were retrieved with the effective rate of 94. 7%. Among the study subjects,2296 students ever suffered neglect with the total prevalence of neglect of 36. 17%. The total score of neglect was 50. 41 ± 9. 70. The neglect score was higher in males than that in females( 51. 77 ± 9. 95 vs 49. 07 ± 9. 26),students in Wuhu higher than those in Jiaxing,students in non-single-child higher than those in single-child and higher-grade students higher than low-grade ones. The neglect scores on body,emotion,education,security,and medical levels were higher in Wuhu middle school students than that in Jiaxing ones. The neglect scores on six levels( body,emotion,education,security,medical and society)were higher in males and students in non-single-child than that in females and students in single-child. Statistically significant differences were also found among different grades on six levels( P < 0. 05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a linear regression relationship between the adolescents neglect score and father 's emotional warmth, mother 's rejection,grade, mother 's emotional warmth, father 's strictpunishment,sex,mother's overprotection,mother's educational background,father's favoring,performance level,mother's strict-punishment,father 's rejection and family income. Conclusion There is a certain proportion of neglect in middle school students.Parenting style of parents' emotional warmth could effectively reduce the occurrence of neglect. However,strict-punishment,favoring,rejection of father and overprotection,rejection,strict-punishment of mother might increase the risk of adolescents neglect.