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目的 了解戒烟者的戒烟动机和明确引发复吸的因素。方法 2021年重庆市北碚区社区卫生服务中心所收集的156份有效高血压戒烟者访谈资料，描述戒烟者的人口学特征。使用Python 3.7程序进行词对主题模型建模，对戒烟动机及复吸诱因进行描述和主题分析，并对复吸诱因进行时间趋势分析。结果 (1)社会人口学特征：男性147名(94.2%),女性9名(5.8%);50岁以下15例(9.6%),50～59岁44例(28.2%),60～69岁83例(53.2%),70岁及以上14例(9.0%);吸烟10年以下21例(13.5%),10～19年30例(19.2%),20～29年29例(18.6%),30～39年50例(32.1%),40年及以上26例(16.7%);吸烟频繁，每天吸烟人数120例(76.9%)。(2)主题分析：吸烟原因主要为跟别人学、好奇、朋友带动等。戒烟动机：出现健康问题、疾病、家人劝说、经济压力、医生劝说等。复吸诱因：烟瘾、与吸烟者一起、他人递烟、聚会聚餐等。(3)主题热度时间趋势：主题“烟瘾”、“与吸烟者在一起”呈上升趋势；“聚会”呈现下降趋势、“递烟”经历波动后呈现下降趋势。结论 疾病健康问题是戒烟者最主要的戒烟动机，与其他吸烟者在一起是除烟瘾外的主要复吸诱因。其他复吸诱因包括他人递烟、聚会聚餐、早上第一支烟、压力、无聊等。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To explore the motivations for quitting smoking and the factors leading to relapse among smokers who have quit.METHOD Data from 156 valid interviews with hypertensive smokers who quit smoking, collected at community health service centers in Beibei District, Chongqing, in 2021, were analyzed. Demographic characteristics of the participants were described. A topic model(BTM) was applied using Python 3.7 to analyze the motivations for quitting smoking and factors leading to relapse. Time trend analysis was performed to examine the temporal changes in relapse triggers.RESULTS(1) Demographic characteristics: a total of 147 males(94.2%) and 9 females(5.8%) participated. The majority were elderly, with 15 participants(9.6%) under 50 years old, 44(28.2%) between 50 and 59 years old, 83(53.2%) between 60 and 69 years old, and 14(9.0%) aged 70 or older. Regarding smoking duration, 21 participants(13.5%) had smoked for less than 10 years, 30(19.2%) for 10-19 years, 29(18.6%) for 20-29 years, 50(32.1%) for 30-39 years, and 26(16.7%) for 40 years or more. Most participants were frequent smokers, with 120(76.9%) smoking daily.(2) Topic analysis: reasons for smoking included peer influence, curiosity, and being influenced by friends. Motivations for quitting included health issues, family persuasion, economic pressure, and advice from doctors. Relapse triggers included nicotine cravings, socializing with smokers, being offered cigarettes, and attending gatherings.(3) Time trend of topic heat: the topics of “nicotine cravings” and “socializing with smokers” showed an increasing trend, while the topic of “gatherings” showed a decreasing trend. The topic “being offered cigarettes” fluctuated before declining.CONCLUSION Health issues related to disease are the primary motivation for quitting smoking, while socializing with other smokers is a major trigger for relapse, alongside nicotine cravings. Other relapse factors include being offered cigarettes, attending social gatherings, smoking the first cigarette in the morning, stress, and boredom.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.019
中图分类号:R544.1
引用信息:
[1]陈俏名,刘玉燕,吉宁,等.基于词对主题模型的社区高血压患者戒烟动机与复吸诱因的主题研究[J].卫生研究,2025,54(01):99-105+135.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.01.019.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划(No.2023YFC3605000)
2025-01-23
2025-01-23