卫生研究

目的 了解云南省6～17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖现状及相关因素。方法2016—2017年，采用分层整群抽样的方法，抽取云南省13个县(市、区)65所中小学3463名6～17岁儿童青少年，其中男生1716名，女生1747名；小学生2098名，初中生762名，高中生603名；城市1368名，农村2095名。问卷调查收集对象基本信息、1周内含糖饮料、甜食、膨化食品、水果、蔬菜、早餐等进食情况，每周日常中等或高等强度活动、校内体育锻炼，每天玩电子游戏和看电视的时间，日常睡眠情况以及户外活动等。测量身高和体重。进行χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 云南省6～17岁儿童青少年超重检出率为8.43%(292/3463),肥胖检出率为6.01%(208/3463)。超重检出率：(1)男生为8.45%(145/1716),女生为8.41%(147/1747),差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.001,P>0.05);(2)城市为11.99%(164/1368),农村为6.11%(128/2095),差异有统计学意义(χ²=37.04,P<0.01);(3)小学、初中和高中分别为7.53%(158/2098)、9.32%(71/762)和10.45%(63/603),差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.15,P<0.05)。肥胖检出率：(1)男生为7.11%(122/1716),女生为4.92%(86/1747),差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.33,P<0.01);(2)城市为9.50%(130/1368),农村为3.72%(78/2095),差异有统计学意义(χ²=48.97,P<0.01);(3)小学、初中和高中分别为7.67%(161/2098)、3.15%(24/762)和3.81%(23/603),差异有统计学意义(χ²=26.48,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，城市(OR=2.025,95%CI 1.646～2.492)和走读(OR=1.808,95%CI 1.470～2.223)与儿童青少年超重肥胖的高患病风险相关，均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2016—2017年云南省6～17岁儿童青少年超重肥胖检出率较高，城市、走读的儿童青少年更容易发生超重和肥胖。

OBJECTIVE To understand the status and related factors of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Yunnan Province.METHODS From 2016 to 2017, 3463 children and adolescents aged 6-17 from 65 primary and secondary schools in 13 counties of Yunnan Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling method for face-to-face questionnaire survey, including 1716 boys and 1747 girls, 2098 elementary school students, 762 middle school students, 603 high school students, of which, 1368 students from urban area and 2095 students from rural area. The questionnaire included information including, weekly consumption of sugary drinks, sweets, puffed food, fruits, vegetables, breakfast, daily activities of moderate or high intensity, school sports, daily hours of playing video games and watching TV, daily sleep and outdoor activities. Height and weight were measured using standard method. SPSS20.0 was used for χ² test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 6-17 were 8.43%(292/3463) and 6.01%(208/3463) respectively. The overweight rates of male students and female students were 8.45%(145/1716) and 8.41%(147/1747) respectively, and the statistic was significant differently(χ² =0.001, P>0.05). The overweight rates of urban and rural children and adolescents were 11.99%(164/1368) and 6.11%(128/2095) respectively, and the statistic was significant differently(χ²=37.04, P<0.01). The overweight rates of primary school, middle school and high school were 7.53%(158/2098), 9.32%(71/762) and 10.45%(63/603) respectively, and the statistic was significant differently(χ²=6.15, P<0.05). The obesity rates of male and female students were 7.11%(122/1716) and 4.92%(86/1747) respectively, and the statistic was significant differently(χ²=7.33, P<0.01). The obesity rates of urban and rural children and adolescents were 9.50%(130/1368) and 3.72%(78/2095) respectively, and the statistic was significant differently(χ²=48.97, P<0.01). The obesity rates of primary school, middle school and high school were 7.67%(161/2098),3.15%(24/762) and 3.81%(23/603), respectively, and the statistic was significant differently(χ²=26.48, P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that cities(OR=2.025,95%CI 1.646-2.492) and non-residential schools(OR=1.808,95%CI 1.470-2.223) were associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, both of which were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Yunnan Province were high. Urban, non-residential school children and adolescents are more likely to be overweight and obesity.