卫生研究

目的了解2013年中国0⁵岁儿童辅食添加时间状况。方法数据来自2013年中国0⁵岁儿童和乳母营养与健康监测项目,采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,研究对象为全国55个监测点24 580名0⁵岁儿童,通过自制问卷收集0⁵岁儿童的性别、出生日期、出生情况等基本情况和辅食添加等喂养情况。结果中国0⁵岁儿童开始添加辅食的平均时间为6.1月龄,城市(5.7月龄)早于农村(6.4月龄),大城市、中小城市、普通农村和贫困农村分别为5.5月龄、5.8月龄、6.9月龄和5.5月龄。10.2%(2496名)儿童在不到4月龄就添加辅食,9.5%(2336名)儿童大于9月龄才开始添加辅食。过早(<4月龄)和过晚(>9月龄)添加辅食的比例,城市分别为7.3%和5.5%,农村分别为13.1%和13.7%,贫困农村过早添加辅食比例最多(19.6%),普通农村过晚添加辅食比例最高(15%)。6⁸月龄婴儿辅食及时添加率为82.3%,城市(89.4%)高于农村(73.6%),贫困农村最低(63.4%),男婴和女婴辅食及时添加率差异无统计学意义。结论 2013年中国0⁵岁儿童过早添加辅食和添加辅食不及时问题同时存在,且存在着地区的差异,农村比城市过早和过晚添加辅食的比例更多,尤其是贫困农村。

Objective To describe complementary feeding time among 0-5 years old children in 2013 in China. Methods Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2013. A stratified multistage cluster sampling was used from 31 provinces( autonomous regions and municipalities) and selected 55 districts/counties. The study included 24 580 children aged 0-5 years. The basic situation and complementary feeding of children aged 0-5 years were collected by questionnaires. Results The average time for children aged 0-5 years in China to start complementary foods was 6. 1 months. The urban( 5. 7 months) was earlier than the rural( 6. 4 months),large cities,medium and small cities,general rural and poor rural areas were 5. 5,5. 8,6. 9 and 5. 5 months,respectively. The proportions of early complementary feeding( < 4 months) and late complementary feeding( > 9 months) were 10. 2 %( n = 2496) and 9. 5%( n = 2336),which were 7. 3% and 5. 5% respectively in urban area and 13. 1% and 13. 7%respectively in rural area. The proportions of early complementary feeding was the highest( 19. 6%) in poor rural areas,the proportions of late complementary feeding was the highest( 15%) in the general rural areas. The rate of introduction of solid,semi-solid or soft foods was 82. 3%,the urban( 89. 4%) was higher than the rural( 73. 6%),and it was the lowest( 63. 4%) in the poor rural areas. Conclusion There were both early complementary feeding and late complementary feeding among 0-5 years children in China in 2013,and the regional difference were significant. It is more likely to add complementary foods too early or too late in rural areasthan in urban areas,especially in poor rural areas.