卫生研究

目的 对重庆市售蔬菜农药残留水平进行监测,评估其膳食摄入风险。方法 2022—2023年采集重庆市24个区县蔬菜样品,采用《国家食品安全风险监测工作手册》相关标准操作程序检测35种农药残留,进行急慢性膳食暴露风险评估,并运用食品安全指数评估总体危害水平。结果 在173件蔬菜样品中,农药残留总检出率为60.70%,其中叶菜类(84.29%)>瓜果类(57.69%)>白菜与甘蓝类(31.37%),中心城区(66.67%)>周边区县(49.15%);检出2种及以上农药残留的样品占比为42.20%。蔬菜总超标率为2.31%,超标品种为阿维菌素、甲拌磷砜和噻虫胺。风险评估结果显示:除未评价指标外,阿维菌素存在急性膳食摄入风险且风险在不可接受水平(急性膳食摄入风险为158.14%),其余18种检出农药残留急性膳食摄入风险在可以接受水平;所有检出农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险和食品安全指数在可以接受水平。结论2022—2023年重庆市售蔬菜中农药残留检出率较高,且存在同一样品多种农药检出及超标情况,其中阿维菌素存在急性膳食摄入风险。

OBJECTIVE To monitor the level of pesticide residues in vegetables inChongqing and assess the risk of dietary intake.METHODS From 2022 to 2023, vegetable samples from 24 districts and counties in Chongqing were collected, and 35 pesticide residues were detected using the relevant standard operating procedures of the NationalFood Safety Risk Monitoring Manual, acute and chronic dietary exposure risk assessmentwas conducted, and the overall hazard level was assessed using the food safety index.RESULTS Among 173 vegetable samples, the overall detection rate of pesticide residues in vegetables was 60.7%, and the detection rates were in leafy vegetables(84.29%) > melon or fruit vegetables(57.69%) > Brassica chinensis and cabbage(31.37%),central city(66.67%) > surrounding districts(49.15%).The proportion of samples with two or more pesticide residues was 42.20%.The overall rate of vegetables exceeded th e standard 2.31%, and the pesticide residues exceeded the standard for abame ctin,phorate sulfone and clothianidin.The result of risk assessment showed that, exceptfor the unevaluated indexes, the acute dietary intake risk of abamectin was at an unacce ptablelevel(the risk of acute dietary intake was 158.14%), and the acute dietary inta kerisk of the remaining 18 detected pesticide residues was at an acceptable level.The ris kof chronic dietary intake and food safety index of all detected pesticide residues were ataccepta ble levels.CONCLUSION The detection rate of pesticide residues in veget ablessold in Chongqing was relatively high, multiple pesticides were detected in the same sample, andsome pesticides exceeded the standard, among which abamectin had acutedietary intake risks.