卫生研究

目的 分析1982—2015年新疆成年居民主要食物摄入量变化趋势。方法 数据来源于1982—2015年中国居民营养与健康状况调查/监测数据库，1982年的膳食调查采用记账法和食物称重法，1992—2015年的膳食调查采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法和称重法收集调查对象的食物及调味品摄入信息，按《中国食物成分表》中的食物分类划分食物种类，计算各类食物的摄入量。结果 1982—2015年新疆成年居民粮谷类、粗粮和杂豆、新鲜水果、奶类和烹调盐的日均摄入量均呈下降趋势(P_趋势<0.01),下降幅度较大的是粮谷类和烹调盐；薯类、新鲜蔬菜、大豆类、畜禽肉类、鱼虾类、蛋类和烹调油的日均摄入量呈上升趋势(P_趋势<0.01),上升幅度较大的是畜禽肉类、薯类、大豆类、蛋类和烹调油；粗粮和杂豆、新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、鱼虾类和奶类食物变化幅度不明显。城市成年居民下降幅度较大的是粮谷类和新鲜蔬菜；上升幅度较大的是粗粮和杂豆、薯类、大豆类和蛋类；农村成年居民下降幅度较大的是粗粮和杂豆、奶类食物，上升幅度较大的是畜禽肉类、薯类、烹调油和蛋类。男性居民奶类的日均摄入量呈下降趋势且下降幅度较明显(P_趋势<0.05),其它食物变化趋势与总人群一致。女性居民主要食物摄入量变化趋势与总人群一致。结论1982—2015年新疆成年居民粮谷类和烹调盐的日均摄入量呈下降趋势，薯类、畜禽肉类、大豆类、蛋类和烹调油的日均摄入量呈上升趋势；2015年新疆成年居民粮谷类摄入充足，畜禽肉类、烹调油和烹调盐摄入过量，其它食物摄入不足。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the trend in main food intake of adult residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 1982 to 2015.METHODS Data were obtained from the Nutrition and Health Status Survey/Monitoring Database of the Chinese Population 1982-2015. The 1982 dietary survey used the bookkeeping method and the food weighing method, and the 1992-2015 dietary survey used the 24-hour dietary review method for three consecutive days and the weighing method to collect food and condiment intake information from the survey respondents. Information on food and condiment intake was collected from the 1992-2015 Dietary Survey using the 24-hour dietary recall method and weighing method on consecutive days.RESULTS The average daily intake of grains and cereals, coarse grains and miscellaneous beans, fresh fruits, milk and cooking salt among adult residents of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 1982-2015 showed a decreasing trend(P_trend<0.01), with the larger decreases being in grains and cereals and cooking salt; the average daily intake of tubers, fresh vegetables, soybeans, livestock and poultry meats, fish and shrimp, eggs and cooking oil showed an increasing(P_trend<0.01), with a greater increase in livestock and poultry meat, tubers, soybeans, eggs and cooking oil; the changes in coarse grains and beans, fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, fish and shrimp, and milk were not significant. Among urban adult residents, the average daily intake of grains and cereals and fresh vegetables has decreased significantly, while that of livestock and poultry meat, tubers, soybeans and eggs has increased significantly. Among rural adult residents, the average daily intake of coarse grains and beans and milk has decreased significantly, while that of livestock and poultry meat, tubers, cooking oil and eggs has increased significantly.The average daily intake of milk in male population showed a downward trend and the decrease was more significant(P_trend<0.05), and the trend of other food changes was consistent with the total population. The trend of major food intake of the female population was consistent with that of the total population.CONCLUSION From 1982 to 2015, the average daily intake of grain and cereals and cooking salt of adult residents in Xinjiang showed a decreasing trend, while the average daily intake of potato, livestock and poultry meat, soybeans, eggs and cooking oil showed an increasing trend; in 2015, adult residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region had an adequate intake of grain and cereals, an excessive intake of livestock and poultry meat, cooking oil and cooking salt, and an insufficient intake of other foodstuffs.