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目的 调査成都地区家长自报1岁婴儿食物超敏反应的流行现状及影响因素。方法 采用双向性队列研究,选取2014年3月至2015年3月于四川大学华西第二医院生产的923对母婴作为研究对象,采用问卷及电话随访方式调查家长自报婴儿食物超敏反应发病情况及影响因素。结果 家长自报1岁以内婴儿食物超敏反应发病率为14.1%,平均首发月龄为(6.9±3.3)月,主要表现为皮肤(85.7%)及胃肠道症状(14.3%)。致敏食物以水产品(42.3%)、鸡蛋(26.0%)、牛奶(22.1%)为主。家族过敏史、母亲孕期食用奶粉、孕期接触宠物、6月龄内添加海鲜是家长自报婴儿食物超敏反应的危险因素,1岁内尽早添加鸡蛋蛋白可能会降低婴儿食物超敏反应的发生率。结论 预防食物超敏反应应从孕期开始;辅食添加时间及种类对婴儿食物超敏反应的作用不同,应根据婴儿遗传史、居住地区、流行病学调查等资料对婴儿辅食添加进行个性化管理,以降低食物超敏反应的风险。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of food hypersensitivity in 1-year-old infants in Chengdu. METHODS A two-way cohort study was conducted to select 923 pairs of mothers and infants from the Second Hospital of Sichuan University from March 2014 to March 2015. The questionnaires and telephone follow-up surveys were used to investigate the incidence and influencing factors of parents' self-reported food hypersensitivity of infants. RESULTS The prevalence of parents' self-reported food hypersensitivity was 14.1% before the age of one year, and the average age of the first onset was(6.9±3.3) month old. The main manifestations were skin(85.7%) and gastrointestinal symptoms(14.3%), those were mainly caused by aquatic products(42.3%), eggs(26.0%), and milk(22.1%). Family history of allergy, consumption of milk during pregnancy, exposure to pets during pregnancy, and addition of seafood within 6 months of age are risk factors for parents' self-reported food hypersensitivity in infants. Adding egg protein as early as possible within 1 year old may reduce the incidence of parents' self-reported food hypersensitivity of infants. CONCLUSION Preventing food hypersensitivity should start from the beginning of pregnancy. Different types of complementary food have different effects on the occurrence of food hypersensitivity in infants. Personalized management of complementary food adding should be conducted according to infant genetic history, living environment and epidemiological survey data to preventing food hypersensitivity.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2019.04.010
中图分类号:R725.9;R181.3
引用信息:
[1]王茂林,何苗,沈曦,等.成都某医院家长自报婴儿食物超敏反应流行现状及影响因素[J].卫生研究,2019,48(04):594-600.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2019.04.010.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(No.81372982)
2019-07-30
2019-07-30