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目的 了解孕早期孕妇的膳食模式特征并分析其与孕妇孕早期体重变化的关联。方法 利用中国出生队列研究的出生人口队列，分析2018年7月—2021年1月深圳市妇幼保健院3540名孕妇的妊娠早期信息和食物频率数据。采用因子分析方法提取膳食模式，采用Logistic回归模型分析其与孕妇孕早期体重变化的关系。采用三分位数分组法将孕周分为3个组，并针对每组进行分层分析。结果 低体重变化组914人(25.82%),中等体重变化组1442人(40.73%),高体重变化组1184人(33.45%)。单因素分析结果显示，低、中及高体重变化的研究对象在孕周、年龄、民族、文化程度、职业、孕前体质指数、是否存在早孕反应及家庭近2年平均年收入的分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。采用因子分析法共提取出4种膳食模式，分别为蛋白质丰富型膳食模式、素食型膳食模式、豆类-坚果膳食模式和零食-乳类膳食模式，累计方差贡献率为42.45%。Logistic回归结果显示，在校正孕周、年龄、民族、文化程度、职业、孕前体质指数、早孕反应(呕吐、剧吐)、家庭近2年平均年收入后，蛋白质丰富型膳食模式T3组(OR=0.635,95%CI 0.427～0.946)与豆类-坚果膳食模式T2组(OR=0.675,95%CI 0.467～0.975)均与低体重变化组呈显著负相关关系。在对孕周进行分层后，蛋白质丰富型膳食模式T3组(OR=0.472,95%CI 0.211～0.862)在孕11～13周孕妇中以及豆类-坚果膳食模式T2组(OR=0.542,95%CI 0.304～0.965)在孕9～11周孕妇中仍与低体重组呈显著的负相关关系。结论 蛋白质丰富型膳食模式和豆类-坚果膳食模式对孕妇孕早期体重的合理增长有积极的影响。
Abstract：OBJECTIVET To understand the dietary pattern characteristics of pregnant women in early pregnancy and analyze the association between these dietary patterns and weight changes in early pregnancy.METHODS Using the birth cohort of the China Birth Cohort Study(CBCS), we analyzed the early pregnancy information and food frequency questionnaire data of 3,540 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Shenzhen sub-center from July 2018 to January 2021. Dietary patterns were extracted using factor analysis. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between these dietary patterns and weight changes in early pregnancy. Finally, gestational age was divided into three groups using the tertile method, and stratified analyses were conducted for each group.RESULT The low weight change group comprised 914 individuals(25.82%), the moderate weight change group included 1442 individuals(40.73%), and the high weight change group consisted of 1184 individuals(33.45%). The result of the univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of gestational age, age, ethnicity, educational level, occupation, pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI), presence of early pregnancy reactions, and average annual household income over the past two years among the subjects with low, moderate, and high weight changes in early pregnancy. Factor analysis identified four major dietary patterns: the high-protein dietary pattern, the vegetarian dietary pattern, the legume-nut dietary pattern, and the snack-dairy dietary pattern, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 42.45%. The result of the Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for gestational age, age, ethnicity, educational level, occupation, pre-pregnancy BMI, early pregnancy reactions(nausea, vomiting), and average annual household income over the past two years, the high-protein dietary pattern in T3 group(OR=0.635, 95%CI 0.427-0.946) and the legume-nut dietary pattern in T2 group(OR=0.675, 95%CI 0.467-0.975) were both significantly negatively correlated with the low weight change group. After stratification by gestational age, the high-protein dietary pattern in T3 group(OR=0.472, 95%CI 0.211-0.862) in the population at 11-13 weeks of gestation and the legume-nut dietary pattern in T2 group(OR=0.542, 95%CI 0.304-0.965) in the population at 9-11 weeks of gestation remained significantly negatively correlated with the low weight change group.CONCLUSION The high-protein dietary pattern and the legume-nut dietary pattern have a certain positive impact on the rational weight gain of pregnant women in early pregnancy.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.03.019
中图分类号:R153.1
引用信息:
[1]王肖,张建明,杜婧,等.2018—2021年深圳市孕早期孕妇膳食模式与孕早期体重变化的相关性[J].卫生研究,2025,54(03):478-487+494.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2025.03.019.
基金信息:
国民营养素需要量评估(No.131031107000210003); 国家重点研发计划(No.2016YFC1000103); 高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目(No.学科骨干-02-15)
2025-05-21
2025-05-21