卫生研究

目的分析不同泌乳期与婴幼儿阶段配方奶粉、牛乳与人乳中的脂肪酸组成情况。方法选择50例健康产妇提供的人乳、35份荷斯坦牛牛乳与30份配方奶粉开展临床检验,以气相色谱法检测不同样本的脂肪酸组成情况。结果配方奶粉中检测出28种脂肪酸,牛乳中检测出30种脂肪酸,人乳中检测出27种脂肪酸。在所有配方奶粉中棕榈酸、油酸与亚油酸的占比较高。人乳中各阶段均以油酸、亚油酸与棕榈酸为最常见脂肪酸类型。伴随泌乳期阶段变化,牛乳中γ-亚麻酸与亚油酸的占比明显下降(P<0.05),但花生四烯酸占比显著升高(P<0.05);人乳中棕榈酸、顺-11-二十烯酸、芥酸与神经酸均明显下降(P<0.05)。伴随婴幼儿年龄增加其配方奶粉亚油酸、花生四烯酸、α-亚油酸与顺式-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸的占比明显下降。结论在生产配方奶粉时需参照人乳中脂肪酸组成进行合理配置,着重调整亚油酸、亚麻酸、二十二碳六烯酸与花生四烯酸等重要脂肪酸含量,以促使婴幼儿获得最佳营养供给。

Objective To analyze the fatty acids in human milk,bovine milk and powdered formulas with the change of lactation period and suitable object. Methods A total of 50 human milk samples of healthy maternal,35 Holstein milk samples and 30 formula samples were selected. The fatty acids in different samples were tested by gas chromatography. Results 28 fatty acids were detected in powdered formulas,30 fatty acids were detected in bovine milk and 27 fatty acids were detected in human milk. The proportions of palmitic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid were at a high proportion in all powdered formulas samples. The most common type of human milk fatty acids were oleic acid,linoleic acid and palmitic acid. The proportion of γ-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in bovine milk samples decreased,the proportion of arachidonic acid was significantly higher,and palmitic acid,gadoleic acid,cis-13-docosenoic acid and erucylacetic acid decreased with the change of lactation period. Linoleic acid,arachidonic acid,α-linoleic acid and docosahexenoic acid decreased significantly with change of suitable object.Conclusion The production of powdered formulas must refer to fatty acids in human milk composition rationally,focus on adjusting the content of linoleic acid,linolenic acid,docosahexenoic acid and arachidonic acid in order to promote the best nutrition supply.