卫生研究

目的探讨西南燃煤型氟污染区人群的主要摄氟途径以及重病区与非病区饮食结构的主要差异。方法在西南燃煤氟中毒区的不同发病区,通过问卷调查得到405名9～14岁青少年儿童以及14位18～70名成人居民6岁前的饮食状况以及生活的地域和饮食状况的变化等,并按WHO推荐的Dean氏分类法,调查居民氟斑牙患病状况。结果患病人群和健康人群的饮食结构存在明显差异。即使日常生活取暖做饭全部使用改灶降氟炉,室内空气氟浓度已达标,但只要在6岁前主食是以敞炉快速烘烤玉米为主的,其氟斑牙患病率100%,且以中度和重度氟斑牙患者为主。主食是以未烘烤玉米或者大米为主的居民氟斑牙患病率很低,且主要以牙齿白垩化斑点的极轻度氟斑牙为主,未发现中度和重度氟斑牙患者。结论食用燃煤烘烤玉米是西南燃煤型氟中毒重病区人群的主要摄氟途径。

Objective To find the pathways for coal-burning fluorosis.and the main difference between severe fluorosis area and non-fluorosis area in southwest China.Methods The teeth health condition and diet structure of a total of 405 children and 14 adults were investigated by Dean's method recommended by WHO and questionnaire.Results There was evident difference in diet structure between dental fluorosis patients and healthy population.The dental fluorosis prevalence rates of population living on corn roasted with open oven rapidly before the age of 6,even if lived in monitoring spots of improved oven for defluorination,in which the fluoride concentration of indoor air had meet the Chinese National Standard,was 100%,and most were in moderate to severe stages.The dental fluorosis prevalence rates of population living on non-roasted corn or rice was very low,most of which were in very mild stages.Conclusions Living on roasted foodstuffs is the main pathologic cause of endemic fluorosis of population in southwest China.