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目的 分析中国十省(自治区)成年居民膳食能量和宏量营养素摄入状况及其食物来源。方法 数据来源于2022—2023年“中国发展与营养健康影响队列调查”和“中国健康与营养调查”,选择有完整人口学特征和膳食数据的≥18岁居民作为研究对象，分析不同特征成年居民能量和宏量营养素摄入量及其供能比、蛋白质食物来源，并与宏量营养素可接受范围、蛋白质平均需要量进行比较，评价宏量营养素摄入状况。结果 成年居民平均每天能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量分别为1941.15 kcal、61.56 g、87.45 g和222.07 g。蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物供能比在可接受范围的人群比例分别为59.65%、16.39%和26.79%,而65～79岁和≥80岁组蛋白质供能比适宜的人群比例最低，分别为20.90%和21.04%。不同年龄和城乡居民宏量营养素供能比分组的人群比例差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。具有蛋白质摄入不足风险的成年居民占45.00%,且受年龄、性别和城乡的显著影响(P<0.05),≥80岁组最高(60.30%),男性高于女性，农村高于城市。动物性食物、谷类、其他和豆类是成年居民蛋白质摄入的主要食物来源，对蛋白质的贡献率分别为39.52%、34.17%、20.19%和6.12%。结论 2022—2023年中国十省(自治区)成年居民膳食结构不合理，尤其是老年人和农村居民。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE To analyze dietary energy and macronutrient intake and food sources of adult residents in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) in China.METHODS The data were derived from the 2022-2023 China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey and the China Health and Nutrition Survey, and adults(≥18 years) with completed demographic characteristics and dietary data were selected. Energy, macronutrient intakes, and their contribution to total energy, and protein food sources by characteristics of subjects were analyzed, which were further compared with the acceptable macronutrient distribution range(AMDR) and the estimated average requirement of protein.RESULTS Daily intake levels of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate of Chinese adults were 1941.15 kcal, 61.56 g, 87.45 g and 222.07 g, respectively. The proportions of subjects with energy contribution from protein, fat and carbohydrate meeting corresponding AMDR were 59.65%, 16.39% and 26.79%, respectively, while the proportions of subjects with optimal protein intake(% energy) were the lowest in subjects aged 65-79 years(20.90%) and ≥80 years(21.04%). Moreover, the proportions of subjects in different groups of macronutrient energy supply ratios were significantly different by age and urban-rural(all P<0.05). Adults at risk of insufficient protein intake accounted for 45.00%, which was significantly affected by age, gender and urban-rural areas(all P<0.05). In particular, proportion of elder adults ≥80 years with insufficient protein intake was the highest(60.30%), that in males was higher than females, and that in adults living in rural was higher than in urban. Animal foods, cereals, other foods and legumes were the main food sources of protein intake of Chinese adults, and their contribution rates to protein were 39.52%, 34.17%, 20.19% and 6.12%, respectively.CONCLUSION The dietary structure of adults in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) in China is unreasonable, especially the elderly and rural residents.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2024.06.002
中图分类号:R151.42
引用信息:
[1]贾小芳,苏畅,何宇纳,等.2022—2023年中国十省(自治区)成年居民宏量营养素摄入现状及食物来源[J].卫生研究,2024,53(06):862-869+879.DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2024.06.002.
基金信息:
国家财政项目“中国发展与营养健康影响队列调查”(No.102393220020070000016)
2024-11-30
2024-11-30