卫生研究

目的 分析中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)不同地域的18～64岁成年人能量及宏量营养素摄入情况。方法 利用2018年“中国健康与营养调查”数据，选取9481名具有完整膳食数据和人口学特征的18～64岁成年居民作为研究对象。采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法和家庭称重记账法(食用油和调味品)收集膳食资料，借助食物成分表将食物消费量转换成能量及各类营养素摄入量。结果 2018年中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)城乡居民每日能量摄入中位数水平分别为1942.28 kcal和1951.14 kcal,西北、西南、东南和北方地区人群分别为1796.94、1972.89、1989.61和1908.98 kcal/d;城市蛋白质、脂肪供能比分别为13.61%和35.85%,高于农村的12.31%和34.45%,碳水化合物供能比城市(49.62%)低于农村(52.18%);西南和东南地区脂肪供能比分别为38.90%和36.80%,碳水化合物供能比为47.70%和47.93%。不同地区能量、蛋白质、脂肪的主要食物来源不同。随着年龄的升高，膳食中动物性食物来源的能量、蛋白质和脂肪比例减少；低收入人群碳水化合物摄入量较高，而蛋白质摄入量较低；高收入人群的动物性食物来源的能量、蛋白质和脂肪比例较高。结论 不同地域居民总能量摄入水平较为理想，三大营养素供能比均达推荐水平但膳食结构不尽合理，脂肪供能比较高，西南和东南地区尤为明显；三大宏量营养素摄入量及其食物来源在不同地区和城乡间存在差异，年龄和收入水平影响着居民的食物选择。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the status of energy and macronutrient intake among adults aged 18 to 64 years old in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) of China.METHODS A sample of 9481 adults aged 18-64 years from the data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2018 was analyzed. Three consecutive days of 24 h recalls combined with the weighing of household seasonings were used to collect information on food intake and condiment intake. Food consumption was converted into energy and various nutrient intakes by the China Food Composition Table.RESULTS The median daily intakes of energy were 1942.28 kcal and 1951.14 kcal in urban and rural areas, 1796.94 kcal, 1972.89 kcal, 1989.61 kcal and 1908.98 kcal in northwest, southwest, southeast and northern regions, respectively. The energy supply ratio of protein and fat were 13.61% and 35.85%, respectively, higher than 12.31% and 34.45% in rural areas, while the energy supply ratio of carbohydrates in urban(49.62%) was lower than that in rural areas(52.18%). The energy supply ratios of fat in the southwest and southeast regions were 38.90% and 36.80%, respectively, while the energy supply ratios of carbohydrates were 47.70% and 47.93%. The main food sources of energy, protein, and fat are different in different regions. The percentage of energy, protein, and fat from animal foods decreased with increasing age groups. The adults with low-income levels had a high intake of carbohydrates but a low intake of protein, and the adults with high-income levels had high proportions of energy, protein and fat from animal food sources.CONCLUSION The total energy intakes of residents in different regions are relatively ideal, but the dietary structures are still unreasonable, and the energy supply ratios of fat are relatively high, especially in the southwest and southeast regions. The intake and food sources of the three macronutrients are varied in different regions and urban and rural areas. Age and income level affect the food choices of residents.