卫生研究

目的评估中国不同性别年龄组人群铅的膳食摄入水平。方法采用中国总膳食研究方法,利用中国第三次总膳食研究采集的代表性膳食样品及膳食调查数据,测定样品中的铅含量,并计算10个性别年龄组人群铅的摄入量、分布状况及膳食来源。结果中国各类食品中铅的平均含量为0.118mg/kg,中位数含量为0.052mg/kg,含量最高的食品为松花蛋,单个样品最高含量为8.964mg/kg,平均含量为2.577mg/kg。各省市的样品中,以湖北省的蔬菜样品污染最为严重,平均含量达到0.512mg/kg。中国10个性别年龄组的铅摄入量为54.9~112.7μg/d,各年龄组铅的摄入量占暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)的42.8%至86.1%。2⁷岁年龄组儿童铅的摄入量已经达到了PTWI的86.1%,并且有约30%的个体铅摄入量在PTWI以上。各组人群膳食铅的来源基本一致,均以谷类和蔬菜为主,贡献率为72%~80%。结论中国各性别年龄组人群的膳食铅摄入量均低于PTWI,但仍有进一步降低的必要。而且,2⁷岁儿童及个别省市人群的铅摄入量过高的问题不容忽视。

Objective To estimate the dietary lead intakes by different age-sex population groups in China. Methods The lead concentrations of food sample from 3rd Chinese total diet study were determined, and then were combined with the food consumption by population of ten age-sex groups, The lead intakes, and its distribution and dietary sources were obtained. Results It was found that the mean and median concentrations of lead in all food samples were 0.118 and 0.052mg/kg, respectively. The highest concentration of individual sample and mean concentrations of lead in preserved egg were 8.964mg/kg and 2.577mg/kg, respectively. The vegetable samples in Hubei Province were heavily contaminated. The lead intakes by different age-sex groups were estimated to be 54.9-112.7μg/day. The average dietary lead intakes by 2-7 years old group could reach 86.1% of PTWI, and individual lead intakes by about 30% children in this group exceed PTWI. But the average dietary lead intakes of other age-sex population groups ranged from 42.8% to 86.1% of PTWI. The main sources of dietary lead were cereals and vegetables in ten age-sex population groups, and could reach 72%-80% of total lead intakes.Conclusion Although the dietary lead intakes by different age-sex population groups are all lower than PTWI, it should be decreased to a lower level. Moreover, the dietary exposures to lead are higher enough for 2-7 years old children and population in some provinces to be considered seriously.