卫生研究

目的分析和描述2002—2012年中国居民能量及膳食营养素摄入状况和变化趋势。方法利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查、2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测数据,对2岁及以上居民的能量、宏量营养素和微量营养素等摄入状况变化进行分析。采用家庭连续3天24小时膳食回顾和调味品称重法进行膳食调查,依据家庭成员的膳食能量比和中国食物成分表计算每标准人日能量营养素摄入量。结果同2002年相比,2010—2012年中国居民平均每标准人日能量摄入量从2251 kcal下降到2172 kcal;蛋白质摄入整体水平与2002年基本持平;脂肪摄入量为79.9 g,增加了3.6 g,城市高于农村,农村摄入量上升,城乡差距缩小。维生素A、维生素C、钙、铁、锌、钠等微量营养素摄入量均低于推荐量,且呈下降趋势。结论 2002—2012年中国城乡居民能量摄入稳定,膳食营养素摄入状况有所改善,但脂肪摄入量增加,微量营养素摄入不足问题仍普遍存在,城乡差别明显,居民尤其是农村居民膳食质量有待提高。

Objective To describe the energy and dietary nutrients intake trends among Chinese population from 2002 to 2012. Methods Data of energy,macronutrient,and micronutrient intake were collected from 2002 Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey,2010—2012 Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance,and energy and dietary nutrients intake were analyzed. The 3-consecutive days-24-hour dietary recall and food weighting method were used to collect food,edible oil and condiment intake information. The dietary nutrients intake was calculated based on the energy percentage in one family and the China Food Composition. Results Compared with 2002,the average energy intake per reference man per day of Chinese people declined to 2172. 1 kcal from 2250. 5 kcal in 2010—2012.Dietary protein intake was basically flat. Dietary fat intake in 2010—2012 was 79. 9 g,with urban level higher than rural level. Compared with that in 2002,fat intake increased by 4 g,and urban residents' intake fell slightly,making urban / rural gap narrower. Theintake of micronutrient such as vitamin A,vitamin C,calcium,iron,zinc was still lower than Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes and falling continually. Conclusion In the last decade,Chinese urban / rural residents' dietary energy supply was sufficient,and the dietary nutrients intake had improved. However,there were excessive intake of fat and low intake of micronutrient was still a problem among Chinese population. There was significant difference between the urban and rural area,and the dietary quality among Chinese population especially rural residents should be improved.