卫生研究

目的 评估我国不同地区居民经小麦及其制品摄入脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)的暴露水平及健康风险。方法 通过检索文献收集我国各省市小麦及其制品中DON的含量数据，食物消费量数据来源于2015年中国居民食物消费量调查数据，分别采用点评估法和概率评估法对我国南北方地区各年龄组居民经小麦及其制品摄入DON的暴露量进行评估，以DON的成组急性参考剂量8μg/(kg·BW)及暂定每日最大耐受摄入量(provisional maximum tolerable daily intake, PMTDI) 1μg/(kg·BW·d)为参考值，评估各人群DON暴露的急性毒性风险及慢性毒性风险。结果 南方地区小麦及其制品中DON的含量均值为578.51μg/kg,北方地区为214.98μg/kg,均低于限量值(1000μg/kg)。点评估的结果显示，99%的居民经小麦及其制品摄入DON均不存在急性中毒风险。对于南方地区，居民在小麦及其制品P90摄入水平时，各年龄组人群DON的暴露量均高于PMTDI;对于北方地区，在P75摄入水平时，各年龄组人群DON的暴露量均高于PMTDI。概率评估的结果显示，南方地区≤6岁、7～12岁、13～17岁及≥18岁年龄组DON暴露量超过PMTDI的人群比例分别为13.57%、10.75%、9.68%、9.48%,北方地区分别为22.05%、21.67%、17.69%、14.41%,北方地区居民小麦及其制品DON的暴露量均显著高于南方地区居民(P<0.001),超过PMTDI的人群比例较高(P<0.001),低年龄组人群(≤6岁组)的DON暴露量均高于高年龄组人群(P<0.001),超过PMTDI的人群比例较高(P<0.001)。结论 我国小麦及其制品的高消费人群中DON的暴露水平仍较高，存在一定慢性健康风险，尤其是北方地区低年龄组居民，应引起重视。

OBJECTIVE To assess the exposure and health risks of deoxynivalenol(DON) ingested by wheat and its products by residents in China's northern and southern regions.METHODS We collected DON content data in wheat and its products from various provinces and cities in China by searching the literature. The food consumption data came from the food consumption survey of Chinese residents in 2015. The point assessment method and the probability assessment method were used to evaluate the exposure of residents of various age groups in the southern and northern regions through wheat and its products. Then the acute reference dose(ARfD) 8 μg/(kg·BW) and provisional maximum tolerated daily intake(PMTDI) 1 μg/(kg·BW·d) of DON were used as a reference value to assess the acute and chronic health risks of DON exposure in each population.RESULTS The mean content of DON in wheat and its products in the south was 578.51 μg/kg, and in the north was 214.98 μg/kg, both of which were lower than the limit value(1000 μg/kg). The result of point assessment showed that 99% of residents do not have acute poisoning risk when ingesting DON through wheat and its products. In the south, the DON exposure in all age groups was higher than PMTDI at the 90 th percentile consumption level of wheat and its products. In the north, the DON exposure in all age groups was higher than PMTDI at the 75 th percentile consumption level. The result of the probability assessment showed that in the south, the proportion of people with DON exposure exceeding PMTDI in the age groups ≤6 years old, 7-12 years old, 13-17 years old, and ≥18 years old was 13.57%, 10.75%, 9.68% and 9.48%, respectively. In the north, the proportion was 22.05%, 21.67%, 17.69% and 14.41%, respectively. The exposure of DON to wheat and its products and the proportion of people exceeding PMTDI in the northern area was significantly higher than that in the southern area(P<0.001). The exposure to DON and the proportion of people exceeding PMTDI of the low-age group(≤6 years old) was higher than that of the high-age group(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Exposure to DON from wheat and its products among the high consumers in China was considerably high, with a certain chronic health risk, especially the low-age residents in northern areas, which should be paid attention to.