卫生研究

为研究甲醛对雄性小鼠各阶段生殖细胞的一般毒性及遗传物质的损伤 ,探讨睾丸组织中丙二醛(MDA)、山梨醇脱氢酶 (SDH)及Cu、Zn与生殖细胞损伤的关系 ,揭示甲醛致生殖细胞损伤后的效应生物标志物及判断指标 ,给雄性昆明种小鼠甲醛染毒 ,剂量分别为 0 2 0、2 0 0和 2 0 0 0mg kg。采用腹腔注射染毒 5天 ,第 6、14日处死。用HE染色法观察小鼠睾丸组织的病理改变 ;显微镜下观察精子数及精子头畸形 ;采用SCE和微核试验 ,判断生殖细胞遗传物质的损伤 ;用MDA测试盒测定小鼠睾丸组织的MDA含量 ;用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生物材料中的铜、锌 ;用紫外分光光度法测定血液和睾丸组织中的SDH的活性。结果表明甲醛导致小鼠睾丸组织的病理改变以生殖细胞变性为主 ;甲醛各剂量组均引起精子数减少 ,精子头畸形率升高 ;甲醛的中、高剂量组能诱致早期精细胞微核率和精原细胞SCE频率显著升高 ;SDH的活性在甲醛三个剂量组均显著降低 ;甲醛高剂量组小鼠睾丸组织中的微量元素Cu和Zn的含量显著降低。结论提示 ,甲醛可导致雄性小鼠各阶段生殖细胞的一般毒性及遗传物质的损伤 ;SDH是甲醛致生殖细胞毒性的效应生物标志物 ;精子头畸形率是判断甲醛对生殖细胞一般毒性及遗传物质损伤的有效检测指标

General toxicity and genetic materials damage of formaldehy de on germ cells in different stages was studied. In order to discover the toxic ity mechanism of formaldehyde on germ cells and the biomarkers of effect after t he presence of damage in germ cells and the estimation index, the relationships between the damage of germ cells and the MDA、SDH activity and Cu and Zn. in tes ticle tissue were investigated. Male mice exposed to formaldehyde by i .p for 5 days. Formaldehyde doses were: 0 20mg/kg, 2 00mg/kg, 20 00mg/kg. Mic e were killed at the 6th day and the 14th day. HE staining was used to study the p athological changes happened in testicle tissue. In order to study the changes i n sperm, the sperms and the abnormality of the sperm′s heads were observed. In order to study the damage of the genetic material in the germ cells, the frequen cies of sister chromosome exchanges and the frequencies of MN cells were studied . MDA was measured by MDA diagnosis box. Copper and zinc were determined by FAAS . US was used to determine the SDH activity in serum and testicle tissue. The re sults showed that:The main pathological changes in testicle tissue of formald ehyde gr oups w ere degeneration; The sperm quantity was decreased and the sperm heads deform ation ratio was increased in all formaldehyde groups; There were a significan t increase of MN ratio in early spermatogenic cells and SCE ratio in medial and high dose groups; The MDA in testicle tissue significant increased in high do se group. The SDH activity in testicle tissue was declined in all formaldehyde g roups; There were a significant decline of copper and zinc in testicle tissu e in high dose group. It is suggested that:Formaldehyde could induce genet ic materia ls in spermatogone, primary spermatocyte and caused degeneration and necrosis in secondary spermatocyte, spermatogenic cell, sperm; The damage of LPO, declin e of copper and zinc and SDH activity in mice′s testicle tissue could be caused by formaldehyde; The effect of lipid peroxidation may be one of the toxicity me chanisms of formaldehyde on genetic materials; SDH is the biomarkers of effect a fter the toxicity effects induced by formaldehyde on germ cells appeared; Tes ting the sperm heads deformation ratio is the estimation index that can be used to judge the general toxicity of germ cells and the damage on their genetic mate rials of formaldehyde.